Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head., sentence 6
When an animal which had been wounded by the elephant or the hawk ran into the net it very soon became entangled in the meshes of the net.
Who acts: elephant, animal · What happens: wound, run, entangle · To what, where: animal, net
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephant, animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 14 ran | advmod |
| 2 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 animal | det |
| 3 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 ran | nsubj |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 wounded | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 wounded | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 wounded | aux:pass |
| 7 | wounded | wound | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 animal | acl:relcl |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 elephant | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 elephant | det |
| 10 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 wounded | obl |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 hawk | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 hawk | det |
| 13 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 elephant | conj |
| 14 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 entangled | advcl |
| 15 | into | into | ADP | _ | 17 net | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 net | det |
| 17 | net | net | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 ran | obl |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 ran | obl |
| 19 | very | very | ADV | _ | 20 soon | advmod |
| 20 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 22 entangled | advmod |
| 21 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 entangled | aux:pass |
| 22 | entangled | entangle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 meshes | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 meshes | det |
| 25 | meshes | mesh | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 entangled | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 net | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 net | det |
| 28 | net | net | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 meshes | nmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 entangled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wound | past · perfect · passive | the elephant or the hawk | a animal | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | run | past | a animal | net | the net | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into net=Destination | |||
| 3 | entangle | past · passive | in the meshes of the net; soon property | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: in mesh=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/13/6/