Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head., sentence 8
At the end of the day the elephant had killed five buck and the hawk three, but the crab had secured ten animals all much bigger than himself.
What happens: kill, secure · To what, where: elephant, end, crab
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 end | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 end | det |
| 3 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 killed | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 day | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 day | det |
| 6 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 killed | obl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 elephant | det |
| 8 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 killed | aux |
| 10 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 buck | nummod |
| 12 | buck | buck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 killed | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 hawk | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 hawk | det |
| 15 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 buck | conj |
| 16 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 hawk | flat |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 secured | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 secured | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 crab | det |
| 20 | crab | crab | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 secured | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 secured | aux |
| 22 | secured | secure | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 killed | advcl |
| 23 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 animals | nummod |
| 24 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 secured | obj |
| 25 | all | all | ADV | _ | 26 much | advmod |
| 26 | much | much | ADV | _ | 27 bigger | advmod |
| 27 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 22 secured | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | than | than | ADP | _ | 29 himself | case |
| 29 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 27 bigger | obl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 killed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | kill | past · perfect · passive | the elephant | at the end; day | five buck and the hawk obj | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer buck=Result | |||
| 2 | secure | past · perfect · passive | the crab | ten animals obj | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary animal=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/13/8/