Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 106
But her mother knew that she must have lost her way, as she had not been to the farm and guessed at once that she had gone to the town of the wooden drum, where she would be killed.
Who acts: mother · What happens: know, lose, not be, guess, go, kill · To what, where: way, town, mother · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 knew | cc |
| 2 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 mother | nmod:poss |
| 3 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 knew | nsubj |
| 4 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 lost | mark |
| 6 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 lost | nsubj |
| 7 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 lost | aux |
| 8 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 9 lost | aux |
| 9 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 knew | ccomp |
| 10 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 way | nmod:poss |
| 11 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lost | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 farm | punct |
| 13 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 farm | mark |
| 14 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 farm | nsubj |
| 15 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 farm | aux |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 farm | advmod |
| 17 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 farm | cop |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 farm | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 farm | det |
| 20 | farm | farm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lost | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 guessed | cc |
| 22 | guessed | guess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 knew | conj |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 once | case |
| 24 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 22 guessed | obl |
| 25 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 gone | mark |
| 26 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 gone | nsubj |
| 27 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 gone | aux |
| 28 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 guessed | advcl |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 town | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 town | det |
| 31 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 gone | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 drum | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 drum | det |
| 34 | wooden | wooden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 drum | amod |
| 35 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 town | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 killed | punct |
| 37 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 41 killed | advmod |
| 38 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 killed | aux |
| 40 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 41 killed | aux:pass |
| 41 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 drum | acl:relcl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | mother's mother | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | lose | must · perfect | mother | mother's way | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | not is | past · perfect | mother | to the farm | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | guess | past | mother's mother not said here | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent at once=Value | |||||
| 5 | go | past · perfect | mother | the town of the wooden drum | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to town=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | kill | would · passive | mother | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/106/