Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 113
Then the cripple called her back and said she was on the wrong road and that if she went further she would never return; but the woman told him she did not care, as she was looking for her daughter, who had disappeared.
Who acts: cripple, Inkang, woman, daughter · What happens: call, say, be, go, not return, tell · To what, where: back, wrong road, cripple · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cripple, Inkang, woman, daughter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 called | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 cripple | det |
| 3 | cripple | cripple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 called | nsubj |
| 4 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 back | nmod:poss |
| 6 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 called | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 said | cc |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 called | conj |
| 9 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 road | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 road | cop |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 road | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 road | det |
| 13 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 road | amod |
| 14 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | ccomp |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 return | cc |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 return | mark |
| 17 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 19 went | mark |
| 18 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 went | nsubj |
| 19 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 return | advcl |
| 20 | further | further | ADV | _ | 19 went | advmod |
| 21 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 return | nsubj |
| 22 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 return | aux |
| 23 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 24 return | advmod |
| 24 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 road | conj |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 told | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 29 told | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 woman | det |
| 28 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 told | nsubj |
| 29 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 called | conj |
| 30 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 told | iobj |
| 31 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 care | nsubj |
| 32 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 care | aux |
| 33 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 care | advmod |
| 34 | care | care | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 told | ccomp |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 looking | punct |
| 36 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 39 looking | mark |
| 37 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 looking | nsubj |
| 38 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 looking | aux |
| 39 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 told | advcl |
| 40 | for | for | ADP | _ | 42 daughter | case |
| 41 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 daughter | nmod:poss |
| 42 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 looking | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 disappeared | punct |
| 44 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 disappeared | nsubj |
| 45 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 disappeared | aux |
| 46 | disappeared | disappear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 42 daughter | acl:relcl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past | the cripple | Inkang's back | then | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent back=Recipient | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the cripple not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | past | Inkang | the wrong road | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | go a condition, not said to happen | past | Inkang | further property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | not return | would | Inkang | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | tell speech: assert | past | the woman | cripple | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 7 | not care | past · do-support | Inkang | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 8 | look | past · progressive | Inkang | for Inkang's daughter | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for daughter=Theme | ||||
| 9 | disappear | past · perfect | Inkang's daughter | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/113/