Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 15
Ogbaja got up early in the morning, and took his bow and arrows with him to hunt; then as he went along he left a trail of ashes behind him, which Nara followed, and at last came to the mango tree, where she found Ogbaja picking up the fruit.
Who acts: Ogbaja, Nara · What happens: get up, take, hunt, go along, leave, follow · To what, where: bow, trail, last, Ogbaja, fruit
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ogbaja, Nara), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ogbaja | Ogbaja | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 got | nsubj |
| 2 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 got | compound:prt |
| 4 | early | early | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 got | advmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 morning | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 morning | det |
| 7 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 got | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 took | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 took | cc |
| 10 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 got | conj |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 bow | nmod:poss |
| 12 | bow | bow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 took | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 arrows | cc |
| 14 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 bow | conj |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 him | case |
| 16 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 took | obl |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 hunt | mark |
| 18 | hunt | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 took | advcl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 went | punct |
| 20 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 23 went | advmod |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 23 went | mark |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 went | nsubj |
| 23 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 got | conj |
| 24 | along | along | ADV | _ | 23 went | advmod |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 left | nsubj |
| 26 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 went | obl |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 trail | det |
| 28 | trail | trail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 left | obj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 ashes | case |
| 30 | ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 trail | nmod |
| 31 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 32 him | case |
| 32 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 ashes | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 followed | punct |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 followed | obj |
| 35 | Nara | Nara | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 followed | nsubj |
| 36 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 trail | acl:relcl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 came | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 came | cc |
| 39 | at | at | ADP | _ | 40 last | case |
| 40 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 came | obl |
| 41 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 went | parataxis |
| 42 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 tree | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 tree | det |
| 44 | mango | mango | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 tree | compound |
| 45 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 came | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 found | punct |
| 47 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 49 found | advmod |
| 48 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 found | nsubj |
| 49 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 came | conj |
| 50 | Ogbaja | Ogbaja | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 found | obj |
| 51 | picking | pick | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 49 found | xcomp |
| 52 | up | up | ADP | _ | 51 picking | compound:prt |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 fruit | det |
| 54 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 picking | obj |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 got | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get up | past | Ogbaja | morning | early property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | take | past | Ogbaja not said here | Ogbaja's bow and arrows | with Ogbaja | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bow=Theme | |||
| 3 | hunt | to-infinitive | Ogbaja not said here | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | go along | past | Ogbaja | then | along property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 5 | leave | past | Ogbaja | a trail of ashes behind man | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Theme | ||||
| 6 | follow | past | Nara | a trail of ashes behind man | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme | ||||
| 7 | come | past | last | to the mango tree | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to tree=Initial_Location | ||||
| 8 | find | past | Nara | Ogbaja | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent ogbaja=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 9 | pick up | gerund | Ogbaja not said here | the fruit | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/15/