Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 20
I will therefore leave you at the top of the tree, where you will be safe from the wicked men, but you must be careful to keep very quiet and not move when they come.”
Who acts: I, you, fruits · What happens: leave, be, keep, not move, come · To what, where: you, top
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, you, fruits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 leave | nsubj |
| 2 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 leave | aux |
| 3 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 4 leave | advmod |
| 4 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 leave | obj |
| 6 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 top | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 top | det |
| 8 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 leave | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 tree | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 tree | det |
| 11 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 top | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 safe | punct |
| 13 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 17 safe | advmod |
| 14 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 safe | nsubj |
| 15 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 safe | aux |
| 16 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 17 safe | cop |
| 17 | safe | safe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 tree | acl:relcl |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 men | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 men | det |
| 20 | wicked | wicked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 men | amod |
| 21 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 safe | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 careful | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 27 careful | cc |
| 24 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 27 careful | nsubj |
| 25 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 careful | aux |
| 26 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 27 careful | cop |
| 27 | careful | careful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 leave | conj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 keep | mark |
| 29 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 careful | advcl |
| 30 | very | very | ADV | _ | 31 quiet | advmod |
| 31 | quiet | quiet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 keep | xcomp |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 move | cc |
| 33 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 move | advmod |
| 34 | move | move | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 keep | conj |
| 35 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 37 come | advmod |
| 36 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 come | nsubj |
| 37 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 move | advcl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 leave | punct |
| 39 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 leave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | future | I | you | the top of the tree | therefore property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent you=Theme at top=Location | ||
| 2 | is | future | you | from the wicked men; safe property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | must | you | careful property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | keep | to-infinitive | you not said here | quiet property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | not move | infinitive | you not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | come | present | fruits = fruit | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/20/