Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 23
At midday when the sun was high up, the witches came and started to pick up the mangoes, but they left the cripple underneath the tree.
Who acts: sun, witches · What happens: be, come, start, pick up, leave · To what, where: midday, mangoes, cripple, tree
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, witches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 midday | case |
| 2 | midday | midday | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 came | obl |
| 3 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 high | advmod |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 sun | det |
| 5 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 high | nsubj |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 high | cop |
| 7 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 midday | amod |
| 8 | up | up | ADV | _ | 7 high | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 midday | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 witches | det |
| 11 | witches | witch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 came | nsubj |
| 12 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 started | cc |
| 14 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 came | conj |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 pick | mark |
| 16 | pick | pick | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 started | xcomp |
| 17 | up | up | ADP | _ | 16 pick | compound:prt |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 mangoes | det |
| 19 | mangoes | mango | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 pick | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 left | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 left | cc |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 left | nsubj |
| 23 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 came | conj |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 cripple | det |
| 25 | cripple | cripple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 left | obj |
| 26 | underneath | underneath | ADP | _ | 28 tree | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 tree | det |
| 28 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 left | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the sun | high property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | come | past | the witches | midday | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at midday=Location | ||||
| 3 | start | past | the witches not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | pick up | to-infinitive | the witches not said here | the mangoes | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mango=Topic | ||||
| 5 | leave | past | witches = witch | the cripple | the tree | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cripple=Theme underneath tree=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/23/