Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 42
He was then to prepare a big feast and make plenty of strong tombo, half of which was to be made from the tombo drawn from the top of the tree and the other half from a tree which had been cut down.
Who acts: Chief · What happens: be, make, draw, cut down · To what, where: plenty, tombo, other half
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 prepare | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 prepare | cop |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 prepare | advmod |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 prepare | mark |
| 5 | prepare | prepare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 feast | det |
| 7 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 feast | amod |
| 8 | feast | feast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 prepare | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 make | cc |
| 10 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 prepare | conj |
| 11 | plenty | plenty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 make | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 tombo | case |
| 13 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 tombo | amod |
| 14 | tombo | tombo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 plenty | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 half | punct |
| 16 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 11 plenty | appos |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 which | case |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 made | obl |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 made | aux:pass |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 made | mark |
| 21 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 22 made | aux:pass |
| 22 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 half | acl:relcl |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 25 tombo | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 tombo | det |
| 25 | tombo | tombo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 made | obl |
| 26 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 tombo | acl |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 top | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 top | det |
| 29 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 drawn | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 tree | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 tree | det |
| 32 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 top | nmod |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 half | cc |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 half | det |
| 35 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 half | amod |
| 36 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 25 tombo | conj |
| 37 | from | from | ADP | _ | 39 tree | case |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 tree | det |
| 39 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 half | nmod |
| 40 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 cut | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 cut | aux |
| 42 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 43 cut | aux:pass |
| 43 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 half | acl:relcl |
| 44 | down | down | ADP | _ | 43 cut | compound:prt |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 prepare | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Chief | then | a big feast obj; prepare property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | make | infinitive | Chief not said here | plenty of strong tombo | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset plenty=Product | ||||
| 3 | make | past · passive | Chief not said here | the tombo and the other half from a tree | of half | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: from tombo=Material | |||
| 4 | draw | participle | the tombo and the other half from a tree not said here | from the top of the tree | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from top=Co-Patient | ||||
| 5 | cut down | past · perfect · passive | the other half from a tree | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/42/