Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 54
The cripple also lay down and closed his eyes, pretending to be asleep, but in reality he was wide-awake and very watchful.
Who acts: cripple · What happens: lie down, close, pretend, be · To what, where: eyes, reality
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cripple), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cripple | det |
| 2 | cripple | cripple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lay | nsubj |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 4 lay | advmod |
| 4 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | down | down | ADV | _ | 4 lay | advmod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 closed | cc |
| 7 | closed | close | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 lay | conj |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 9 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 closed | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 pretending | punct |
| 11 | pretending | pretend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 closed | advcl |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 asleep | mark |
| 13 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 asleep | cop |
| 14 | asleep | asleep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 pretending | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 awake | punct |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 awake | cc |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 reality | case |
| 18 | reality | reality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 awake | obl |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 awake | nsubj |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 awake | cop |
| 21 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 awake | amod |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 wide | punct |
| 23 | awake | awake | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 lay | advcl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 watchful | cc |
| 25 | very | very | ADV | _ | 26 watchful | advmod |
| 26 | watchful | watchful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 awake | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 lay | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie down | past | the cripple | down property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | close | past | the cripple not said here | cripple's eyes | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient | ||||
| 3 | pretend | gerund | the cripple not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | is | to-infinitive | the cripple not said here | asleep property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is | past | cripple | reality | awake property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | be | cripple not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/54/