Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 6
Ogbaja went out every morning with his bow and arrows, and generally returned in the evening just before it was dark, carrying the animals he had killed.
Who acts: Ogbaja, food, animals · What happens: go out, return, be, carry, kill · To what, where: animals, Ogbaja
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ogbaja, food, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ogbaja | Ogbaja | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 went | nsubj |
| 2 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | out | out | ADP | _ | 2 went | compound:prt |
| 4 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 morning | det |
| 5 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 went | obl:unmarked |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 bow | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 bow | nmod:poss |
| 8 | bow | bow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 went | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 arrows | cc |
| 10 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 bow | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 returned | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 returned | cc |
| 13 | generally | generally | ADV | _ | 14 returned | advmod |
| 14 | returned | return | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 went | conj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 evening | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 evening | det |
| 17 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 returned | obl |
| 18 | just | just | ADV | _ | 22 dark | advmod |
| 19 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 22 dark | mark |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 dark | nsubj |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 dark | cop |
| 22 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 returned | advcl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 carrying | punct |
| 24 | carrying | carry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 dark | advcl |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 animals | det |
| 26 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 carrying | obj |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 killed | aux |
| 29 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 animals | acl:relcl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go out | past | Ogbaja | morning | with Ogbaja's bow and arrows | vn interact-36.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with bow=Co-Agent | |||
| 2 | return | participle | Ogbaja not said here | evening | generally property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | is | past | food | dark property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | carry | gerund | food not said here | the animals | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme | ||||
| 5 | kill | past · perfect · passive | the animals not said here | Ogbaja | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/6/