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home / corpora / tales / Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria / Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water. / 67

Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 67

The red-hot pot caused steam and mist to rise from the water, and it is still to be seen when the mornings are cold that mist rises from the river, and people say that this is caused by the red-hot pot which was placed over the shoulders of the wicked cripple when he was thrown into the water and the steam still continues to rise.

Who acts: hot pot, steam, mornings, that, people, red hot pot · What happens: cause, rise, be, say, place, throw · To what, where: steam, water, pot, river, this, red hot pot · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hot pot, steam, mornings, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detamodpunctamodnsubjobjccconjmarkxcompcasedetoblpunctccnsubj:passcopadvmodmarkaux:passparataxismarkdetnsubjcopadvclnsubjnsubjparataxiscasedetoblpunctccnsubjconjmarknsubjaux:passccompcasedetamodpunctamodoblnsubj:passaux:passacl:relclcasedetoblcasedetamodnmodadvmodnsubjaux:passadvclcasedetoblccdetnsubjadvmodconjmarkxcomppunctrootTheDETredADJ-PUNCThotADJpotNOUNcausedVERBsteamNOUNandCCONJmistNOUNtoPARTriseVERBfromADPtheDETwaterNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJitPRONisAUXstillADVtoPARTbeAUXseenVERBwhenSCONJtheDETmorningsNOUNareAUXcoldADJthatPRONmistNOUNrisesVERBfromADPtheDETriverNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJpeopleNOUNsayVERBthatSCONJthisPRONisAUXcausedVERBbyADPtheDETredADJ-PUNCThotADJpotNOUNwhichPRONwasAUXplacedVERBoverADPtheDETshouldersNOUNofADPtheDETwickedADJcrippleNOUNwhenADVhePRONwasAUXthrownVERBintoADPtheDETwaterNOUNandCCONJtheDETsteamNOUNstillADVcontinuesVERBtoPARTriseVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art5 potdet
2redredADJDegree=Pos4 hotamod
3--PUNCT_2 redpunct
4hothotADJDegree=Pos5 potamod
5potpotNOUNNumber=Sing6 causednsubj
6causedcauseVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
7steamsteamNOUNNumber=Sing6 causedobj
8andandCCONJ_9 mistcc
9mistmistNOUNNumber=Sing7 steamconj
10totoPART_11 risemark
11riseriseVERBVerbForm=Inf6 causedxcomp
12fromfromADP_14 watercase
13thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art14 waterdet
14waterwaterNOUNNumber=Sing11 riseobl
15,,PUNCT_22 seenpunct
16andandCCONJ_22 seencc
17ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs22 seennsubj:pass
18isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin22 seencop
19stillstillADV_22 seenadvmod
20totoPART_22 seenmark
21bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf22 seenaux:pass
22seenseeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass6 causedparataxis
23whenwhenSCONJ_27 coldmark
24thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art25 morningsdet
25morningsmorningNOUNNumber=Plur27 coldnsubj
26arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin27 coldcop
27coldcoldADJDegree=Pos22 seenadvcl
28thatthatPRONPronType=Rel30 risesnsubj
29mistmistNOUNNumber=Sing30 risesnsubj
30risesriseVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin27 coldparataxis
31fromfromADP_33 rivercase
32thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art33 riverdet
33riverriverNOUNNumber=Sing30 risesobl
34,,PUNCT_37 saypunct
35andandCCONJ_37 saycc
36peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur37 saynsubj
37saysayVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin22 seenconj
38thatthatSCONJ_41 causedmark
39thisthisPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Dem41 causednsubj
40isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin41 causedaux:pass
41causedcauseVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass37 sayccomp
42bybyADP_47 potcase
43thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art47 potdet
44redredADJDegree=Pos47 potamod
45--PUNCT_44 redpunct
46hothotADJDegree=Pos47 potamod
47potpotNOUNNumber=Sing41 causedobl
48whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel50 placednsubj:pass
49wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin50 placedaux:pass
50placedplaceVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass47 potacl:relcl
51overoverADP_53 shoulderscase
52thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art53 shouldersdet
53shouldersshoulderNOUNNumber=Plur50 placedobl
54ofofADP_57 cripplecase
55thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art57 crippledet
56wickedwickedADJDegree=Pos57 crippleamod
57cripplecrippleNOUNNumber=Sing53 shouldersnmod
58whenwhenADVPronType=Int61 thrownadvmod
59hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs61 thrownnsubj
60wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin61 thrownaux:pass
61thrownthrowVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass50 placedadvcl
62intointoADP_64 watercase
63thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art64 waterdet
64waterwaterNOUNNumber=Sing61 thrownobl
65andandCCONJ_69 continuescc
66thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art67 steamdet
67steamsteamNOUNNumber=Sing69 continuesnsubj
68stillstillADV_69 continuesadvmod
69continuescontinueVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin61 thrownconj
70totoPART_71 risemark
71riseriseVERBVerbForm=Inf69 continuesxcomp
72..PUNCT_6 causedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1causepastthe hot potsteam and misttree rules
2riseto-infinitivesteam and mist not said herethe watervn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from water=Initial_Location
3ispresent · passivepotstillsee propertytree rules
4ispresentthe morningscold propertytree rules
5risepresentthatthe rivermist nsubjvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from river=Initial_Location
6say speech: assertpresentpeoplevn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
7causepresent · passivethe red hot potthisvn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
8placepast · passivethe red hot potthe shoulders of the wicked cripplevn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme over shoulder=Destination
9throwpast · passivecrippleinto the water resultvn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Theme into water=Result
10continuepresentthe steamstillvn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
11riseto-infinitivethe steam not said herevn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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