Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 67
The red-hot pot caused steam and mist to rise from the water, and it is still to be seen when the mornings are cold that mist rises from the river, and people say that this is caused by the red-hot pot which was placed over the shoulders of the wicked cripple when he was thrown into the water and the steam still continues to rise.
Who acts: hot pot, steam, mornings, that, people, red hot pot · What happens: cause, rise, be, say, place, throw · To what, where: steam, water, pot, river, this, red hot pot · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hot pot, steam, mornings, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 pot | det |
| 2 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 hot | amod |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 red | punct |
| 4 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 pot | amod |
| 5 | pot | pot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 caused | nsubj |
| 6 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 caused | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 mist | cc |
| 9 | mist | mist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 steam | conj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 rise | mark |
| 11 | rise | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 caused | xcomp |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 water | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 water | det |
| 14 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 rise | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 seen | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 seen | cc |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 seen | cop |
| 19 | still | still | ADV | _ | 22 seen | advmod |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 seen | mark |
| 21 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 22 seen | aux:pass |
| 22 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 caused | parataxis |
| 23 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 27 cold | mark |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 mornings | det |
| 25 | mornings | morning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 cold | nsubj |
| 26 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 cold | cop |
| 27 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 seen | advcl |
| 28 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 rises | nsubj |
| 29 | mist | mist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 rises | nsubj |
| 30 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 cold | parataxis |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 river | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 river | det |
| 33 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 rises | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 say | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 say | cc |
| 36 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 say | nsubj |
| 37 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 seen | conj |
| 38 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 41 caused | mark |
| 39 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 41 caused | nsubj |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 caused | aux:pass |
| 41 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 say | ccomp |
| 42 | by | by | ADP | _ | 47 pot | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 pot | det |
| 44 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 pot | amod |
| 45 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 44 red | punct |
| 46 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 pot | amod |
| 47 | pot | pot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 caused | obl |
| 48 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 50 placed | nsubj:pass |
| 49 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 placed | aux:pass |
| 50 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 47 pot | acl:relcl |
| 51 | over | over | ADP | _ | 53 shoulders | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 shoulders | det |
| 53 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 placed | obl |
| 54 | of | of | ADP | _ | 57 cripple | case |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 cripple | det |
| 56 | wicked | wicked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 cripple | amod |
| 57 | cripple | cripple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 shoulders | nmod |
| 58 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 61 thrown | advmod |
| 59 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 61 thrown | nsubj |
| 60 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 61 thrown | aux:pass |
| 61 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 placed | advcl |
| 62 | into | into | ADP | _ | 64 water | case |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 water | det |
| 64 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 thrown | obl |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 69 continues | cc |
| 66 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 steam | det |
| 67 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 continues | nsubj |
| 68 | still | still | ADV | _ | 69 continues | advmod |
| 69 | continues | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 61 thrown | conj |
| 70 | to | to | PART | _ | 71 rise | mark |
| 71 | rise | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 69 continues | xcomp |
| 72 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 caused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | past | the hot pot | steam and mist | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | rise | to-infinitive | steam and mist not said here | the water | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from water=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | is | present · passive | pot | still | see property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | is | present | the mornings | cold property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | rise | present | that | the river | mist nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from river=Initial_Location | |||
| 6 | say speech: assert | present | people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | cause | present · passive | the red hot pot | this | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | ||||
| 8 | place | past · passive | the red hot pot | the shoulders of the wicked cripple | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme over shoulder=Destination | ||||
| 9 | throw | past · passive | cripple | into the water result | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Theme into water=Result | ||||
| 10 | continue | present | the steam | still | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 11 | rise | to-infinitive | the steam not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/67/