Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 99
She then listened and could hear singing and dancing going on, but the sounds seemed to come from the inside of the drum, and, although she looked round everywhere, she could not see anybody.
Who acts: way, sounds · What happens: listen, hear, sing, dance, go on, seem · To what, where: inside, anybody
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (way, sounds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 listened | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 listened | advmod |
| 3 | listened | listen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 hear | cc |
| 5 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 hear | aux |
| 6 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 listened | conj |
| 7 | singing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 hear | xcomp |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 dancing | cc |
| 9 | dancing | dance | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 singing | conj |
| 10 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 dancing | ccomp |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 going | compound:prt |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 seemed | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 seemed | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 sounds | det |
| 15 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 seemed | nsubj |
| 16 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 listened | parataxis |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 come | mark |
| 18 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 seemed | xcomp |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 inside | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 inside | det |
| 21 | inside | inside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 come | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 drum | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 drum | det |
| 24 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 inside | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 see | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 see | cc |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 and | punct |
| 28 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 30 looked | mark |
| 29 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 looked | nsubj |
| 30 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 see | advcl |
| 31 | round | round | ADV | _ | 30 looked | advmod |
| 32 | everywhere | everywhere | ADV | PronType=Tot | 30 looked | advmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 looked | punct |
| 34 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 see | nsubj |
| 35 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 see | aux |
| 36 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 37 see | advmod |
| 37 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 seemed | conj |
| 38 | anybody | anybody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 37 see | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 listened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | listen | past | way | then | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | hear | could | way not said here | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | sing speech: express | gerund | way not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | dance | gerund | way not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | go on | gerund | way not said here | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | seem | past | the sounds | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 7 | come | to-infinitive | the sounds not said here | the inside of the drum | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from inside=Initial_Location | ||||
| 8 | look round | past | way | everywhere, round property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 9 | not see | could | way | anybody | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer anybody=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/99/