Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong., sentence 17
But the hawk, having nothing to pay with, gave the goat one of his feathers out of his wing to settle the matter, and said that those particular feathers were much liked by the young men, who were fond of dancing, and also by the fighting-men, as they put them in their hair for decoration and then danced round the town.
Who acts: hawk, young men, feathers · What happens: have, pay, give, settle, say, like · To what, where: nothing, goat, wing, matter, particular feathers, men · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk, young men, feathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 gave | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 hawk | det |
| 3 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 gave | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 having | punct |
| 5 | having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 hawk | acl |
| 6 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 5 having | obj |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 pay | mark |
| 8 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 nothing | acl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 pay | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 hawk | punct |
| 11 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 goat | det |
| 13 | goat | goat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 gave | obj |
| 14 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 goat | flat |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 feathers | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 feathers | nmod:poss |
| 17 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 one | nmod |
| 18 | out | out | ADP | _ | 21 wing | case |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 wing | case |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 wing | nmod:poss |
| 21 | wing | wing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 gave | obl |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 settle | mark |
| 23 | settle | settle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 gave | advcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 matter | det |
| 25 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 settle | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 said | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 said | cc |
| 28 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 gave | conj |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 35 liked | mark |
| 30 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 32 feathers | det |
| 31 | particular | particular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 feathers | amod |
| 32 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 liked | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 liked | aux:pass |
| 34 | much | much | ADV | _ | 35 liked | advmod |
| 35 | liked | like | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 said | ccomp |
| 36 | by | by | ADP | _ | 39 men | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 men | det |
| 38 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 men | amod |
| 39 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 liked | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 fond | punct |
| 41 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 fond | nsubj |
| 42 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 fond | cop |
| 43 | fond | fond | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 men | amod |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 dancing | case |
| 45 | dancing | dancing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 fond | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 men | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 men | cc |
| 48 | also | also | ADV | _ | 53 men | advmod |
| 49 | by | by | ADP | _ | 53 men | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 men | det |
| 51 | fighting | fighting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 men | compound |
| 52 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 51 fighting | punct |
| 53 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 liked | obl |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 put | punct |
| 55 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 57 put | mark |
| 56 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 57 put | nsubj |
| 57 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 liked | parataxis |
| 58 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 57 put | obj |
| 59 | in | in | ADP | _ | 61 hair | case |
| 60 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 61 hair | nmod:poss |
| 61 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 put | obl |
| 62 | for | for | ADP | _ | 63 decoration | case |
| 63 | decoration | decoration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 hair | nmod |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 danced | cc |
| 65 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 66 danced | advmod |
| 66 | danced | dance | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 57 put | conj |
| 67 | round | round | ADP | _ | 69 town | case |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 town | det |
| 69 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 danced | obl |
| 70 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | gerund | the hawk not said here | nothing | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | ||||
| 2 | pay | to-infinitive | the hawk not said here | nothing not said here | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | give | past | the hawk | the goat | hawk's wing | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goat=Theme | |||
| 4 | settle | to-infinitive | the hawk not said here | the matter | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme matter=Location | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | the hawk not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | like | past · passive | the young men | that particular feathers | by the fighting men | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme | |||
| 7 | is | past | the young men | of dancing; fond property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | put | past | feathers = feather | men = man | feathers's hair for decoration | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in hair=Destination | |||
| 9 | dance | past | feathers = feather not said here | the town | then | vn waltz-51.5 «NP V PP.trajectory PP.goal»: agent=Theme round town=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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