Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong., sentence 24
The next day the goat went one day’s march inland from the river, where yams were unknown, and found that all the people were planting koko yams, which are very inferior in every way.
Who acts: goat, yams, people, koko yams · What happens: go, be, find, plant · To what, where: march, river, koko yams, way · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (goat, yams, people, koko yams), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 day | det |
| 2 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 day | amod |
| 3 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 went | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 goat | det |
| 5 | goat | goat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 went | nsubj |
| 6 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 day | nummod |
| 8 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 march | nmod:poss |
| 9 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 8 day | case |
| 10 | march | march | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 went | obj |
| 11 | inland | inland | ADV | _ | 14 river | advmod |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 river | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 river | det |
| 14 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 went | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 unknown | punct |
| 16 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 19 unknown | advmod |
| 17 | yams | yam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 unknown | nsubj |
| 18 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 unknown | cop |
| 19 | unknown | unknown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 river | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 found | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 found | cc |
| 22 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 went | conj |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 planting | mark |
| 24 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 26 people | det:predet |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 people | det |
| 26 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 planting | nsubj |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 planting | aux |
| 28 | planting | plant | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 found | ccomp |
| 29 | koko | koko | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 yams | compound |
| 30 | yams | yam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 planting | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 inferior | punct |
| 32 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 inferior | nsubj |
| 33 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 inferior | cop |
| 34 | very | very | ADV | _ | 35 inferior | advmod |
| 35 | inferior | inferior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 yams | amod |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 way | case |
| 37 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 way | det |
| 38 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 inferior | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | the goat | one day's march | the river | day | tree rules | ||
| 2 | is | past | yams | unknown property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | find | past | the goat not said here | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | plant | past · progressive | all people | koko yams | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yam=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is | present | koko yams | every way | inferior property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/15/24/