Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong., sentence 33
So the goat said, “How is it you are not rubbed with camwood?” and showed her his ball, saying, “In my country no woman can be properly married unless she is rubbed all over with camwood.”
Who acts: goat · What happens: say, not be, show, marry, rub · To what, where: house, ball, woman, country · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (goat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 said | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 goat | det |
| 3 | goat | goat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 rubbed | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 rubbed | punct |
| 7 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 rubbed | advmod |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 rubbed | cop |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 rubbed | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 13 rubbed | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 rubbed | aux:pass |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 rubbed | advmod |
| 13 | rubbed | rub | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 said | ccomp |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 camwood | case |
| 15 | camwood | camwood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 rubbed | obl |
| 16 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 13 rubbed | punct |
| 17 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 showed | cc |
| 19 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | conj |
| 20 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 showed | iobj |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 ball | nmod:poss |
| 22 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 showed | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 saying | punct |
| 24 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 showed | advcl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 married | punct |
| 26 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 married | punct |
| 27 | In | in | ADP | _ | 29 country | case |
| 28 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 country | nmod:poss |
| 29 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 married | obl |
| 30 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 31 woman | det |
| 31 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 married | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 married | aux |
| 33 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 35 married | aux:pass |
| 34 | properly | properly | ADV | _ | 35 married | advmod |
| 35 | married | marry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 saying | ccomp |
| 36 | unless | unless | SCONJ | _ | 39 rubbed | mark |
| 37 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 rubbed | nsubj |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 rubbed | aux:pass |
| 39 | rubbed | rub | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 married | advcl |
| 40 | all | all | ADV | _ | 41 over | advmod |
| 41 | over | over | ADV | _ | 39 rubbed | advmod |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 43 camwood | case |
| 43 | camwood | camwood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 rubbed | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
| 45 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | past | the goat | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | not is in a quote | present · passive | house | with camwood; you nsubj:pass; rub property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | show | past | the goat not said here | farmer's ball | woman | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient ball=Topic | |||
| 4 | say speech: assert | gerund | the goat not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | marry in a quote | can · passive | no woman | my country | properly property | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||
| 6 | rub a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present · passive | woman | with camwood; over property | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: subject=Destination with camwood=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/15/33/