Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong., sentence 5
When the goat saw what the elephant had done, he was vexed, so he went and told the elephant that he had cut down the tree and burnt it in order to grow the mushrooms for his food, and as the elephant had spoilt them all, he demanded fish or meat to make soup, as compensation.
Who acts: goat, elephant · What happens: see, do, vex, go, tell, cut down · To what, where: elephant, tree, order, mushrooms, fish, soup · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (goat, elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 saw | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 goat | det |
| 3 | goat | goat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 vexed | advcl |
| 5 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 9 done | obj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 elephant | det |
| 7 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 done | nsubj |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 done | aux |
| 9 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 saw | ccomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 vexed | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 vexed | aux:pass |
| 13 | vexed | vex | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 went | punct |
| 15 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 went | advmod |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 went | nsubj |
| 17 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 vexed | parataxis |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 told | cc |
| 19 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 went | conj |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 elephant | det |
| 21 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 told | obj |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 cut | mark |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 cut | nsubj |
| 24 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 cut | aux |
| 25 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 told | ccomp |
| 26 | down | down | ADP | _ | 25 cut | compound:prt |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 tree | det |
| 28 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cut | obj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 burnt | cc |
| 30 | burnt | burnt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 went | conj |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 burnt | obj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 order | case |
| 33 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 burnt | obl |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 grow | mark |
| 35 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 burnt | advcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 mushrooms | det |
| 37 | mushrooms | mushroom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 grow | obj |
| 38 | for | for | ADP | _ | 40 food | case |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 food | nmod:poss |
| 40 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 grow | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 spoilt | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 spoilt | cc |
| 43 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 47 spoilt | mark |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 elephant | det |
| 45 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 spoilt | nsubj:pass |
| 46 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 spoilt | aux |
| 47 | spoilt | spoil | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 vexed | parataxis |
| 48 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 spoilt | obj |
| 49 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 48 them | nmod:unmarked |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 demanded | punct |
| 51 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 demanded | nsubj |
| 52 | demanded | demand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 vexed | conj |
| 53 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 demanded | obj |
| 54 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 55 meat | cc |
| 55 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 fish | conj |
| 56 | to | to | PART | _ | 57 make | mark |
| 57 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 52 demanded | advcl |
| 58 | soup | soup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 make | obj |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 compensation | punct |
| 60 | as | as | ADP | _ | 61 compensation | case |
| 61 | compensation | compensation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 make | conj |
| 62 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 vexed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the goat | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | do | past · perfect | the elephant | what obj | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | vex | past · passive | elephant | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | go | past | elephant | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | tell speech: assert | past | elephant not said here | the elephant | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent elephant=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | cut down | past · perfect | elephant | the tree | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Product | ||||
| 7 | burnt | past | elephant not said here | tree | order | tree rules | |||
| 8 | grow | to-infinitive | elephant not said here | the mushrooms | for elephant's food | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent mushroom=Product for food=Beneficiary | |||
| 9 | spoil | past · perfect · passive | the elephant | mushrooms = mushroom obj | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | demand speech: request | past | elephant | fish or meat | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme fish=Precondition | ||||
| 11 | make | to-infinitive | elephant not said here | soup | compensation conj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset soup=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/15/5/