Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine., sentence 17
He then pulled the hare out of the bag, and having placed him on the top of the palm-tree, flew off to the next tree, where he was joined by the rest of his family, to whom he related the way in which he had punished the hare, and shortly afterwards they all flew home, leaving the hare on the island.
Who acts: friend, rest, trees · What happens: pull, place, fly off, join, relate, punish · To what, where: hare, bag, friend, top, way, island
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend, rest, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 pulled | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 pulled | advmod |
| 3 | pulled | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 hare | det |
| 5 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pulled | obj |
| 6 | out | out | ADP | _ | 9 bag | case |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 bag | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 bag | det |
| 9 | bag | bag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pulled | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 placed | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 placed | cc |
| 12 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 placed | aux |
| 13 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 pulled | conj |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 placed | obj |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 top | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 top | det |
| 17 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 placed | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 tree | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 tree | det |
| 20 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 tree | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 palm | punct |
| 22 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 top | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 flew | punct |
| 24 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 pulled | parataxis |
| 25 | off | off | ADP | _ | 24 flew | compound:prt |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 tree | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 tree | det |
| 28 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 tree | amod |
| 29 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 flew | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 joined | punct |
| 31 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 34 joined | advmod |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 joined | nsubj |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 joined | aux:pass |
| 34 | joined | join | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 tree | conj |
| 35 | by | by | ADP | _ | 37 rest | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 rest | det |
| 37 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 joined | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 family | case |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 family | nmod:poss |
| 40 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 rest | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 whom | punct |
| 42 | to | to | ADP | _ | 43 whom | case |
| 43 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Int | 24 flew | conj |
| 44 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 related | nsubj |
| 45 | related | relate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 whom | acl:relcl |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 way | det |
| 47 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 related | obj |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 which | case |
| 49 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 52 punished | obl |
| 50 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 punished | nsubj:pass |
| 51 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 punished | aux |
| 52 | punished | punish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 47 way | acl:relcl |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 hare | det |
| 54 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 punished | obj |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 flew | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 61 flew | cc |
| 57 | shortly | shortly | ADV | _ | 58 afterwards | advmod |
| 58 | afterwards | afterwards | ADV | _ | 61 flew | advmod |
| 59 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 61 flew | nsubj |
| 60 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 61 flew | advmod |
| 61 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 pulled | conj |
| 62 | home | home | ADV | _ | 61 flew | advmod |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 leaving | punct |
| 64 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 61 flew | advcl |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 hare | det |
| 66 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 leaving | obj |
| 67 | on | on | ADP | _ | 69 island | case |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 island | det |
| 69 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 leaving | obl |
| 70 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 pulled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pull | past | friend | the hare | the bag | then | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent hare=Theme out bag=Initial_Location | ||
| 2 | place | gerund · perfect | friend not said here | friend | the top of the palm tree | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme on top=Destination | |||
| 3 | fly off | past | to the next tree result; whom conj | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to tree=Result | |||||
| 4 | join | past · passive | the rest of friend's family | friend | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 5 | relate | past | friend | the way | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme | ||||
| 6 | punish | past · perfect · passive | friend | the way | the hare obj | tree rules | |||
| 7 | fly | past | trees = tree | afterwards, home property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | leave | gerund | trees = tree not said here | the hare | the island | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hare=Theme on island=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/16/17/