Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine., sentence 35
The next day he held up the alligator he had already painted to the hole for the old ones to see, and then put it down again, closing the hole as before.
Who acts: hole · What happens: hold up, paint, see, put down, close · To what, where: alligator, ground, hole
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hole), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 day | det |
| 2 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 day | amod |
| 3 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 held | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 held | nsubj |
| 5 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 held | compound:prt |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 alligator | det |
| 8 | alligator | alligator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 held | obj |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 painted | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 painted | aux |
| 11 | already | already | ADV | _ | 12 painted | advmod |
| 12 | painted | paint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 alligator | acl:relcl |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 hole | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 hole | det |
| 15 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 painted | obl |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 ones | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 ones | det |
| 18 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 ones | amod |
| 19 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 hole | nmod |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 see | mark |
| 21 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 ones | acl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 put | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 put | cc |
| 24 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 25 put | advmod |
| 25 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 held | advcl |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 put | obj |
| 27 | down | down | ADP | _ | 25 put | compound:prt |
| 28 | again | again | ADV | _ | 25 put | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 closing | punct |
| 30 | closing | close | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 put | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 hole | det |
| 32 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 closing | obj |
| 33 | as | as | ADV | _ | 34 before | advmod |
| 34 | before | before | ADV | _ | 30 closing | advmod |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 held | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold up | past | hole | the alligator | day | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot alligator=Theme | |||
| 2 | paint | past · perfect | hole | the alligator not said here | to the hole for the old ones result | vn coloring-24 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent alligator=Patient to hole=Result | |||
| 3 | see | to-infinitive | hole not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | put down | infinitive | hole not said here | ground | then; again | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal | |||
| 5 | close | gerund | hole not said here | the hole | before property | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/16/35/