Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine., sentence 50
He then advised the alligator to dig a pit and put sharp stakes, with their points upwards, in the bottom.
Who acts: iguana, alligators · What happens: advise, dig, put, point · To what, where: alligator, pit, sharp stakes, bottom · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (iguana, alligators), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 advised | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 advised | advmod |
| 3 | advised | advise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 alligator | det |
| 5 | alligator | alligator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 advised | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 dig | mark |
| 7 | dig | dig | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 advised | ccomp |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 pit | det |
| 9 | pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 dig | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 put | cc |
| 11 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 dig | conj |
| 12 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 stakes | amod |
| 13 | stakes | stake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 put | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 points | punct |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 points | case |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 points | nmod:poss |
| 17 | points | point | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 stakes | conj |
| 18 | upwards | upwards | ADV | _ | 11 put | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 bottom | punct |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 bottom | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 bottom | det |
| 22 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 put | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 advised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | advise speech: other | past | iguana | the alligator | then | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S_INF»: agent=Agent alligator=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | dig not said to happen | to-infinitive | a pit | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent pit=Theme | |||||
| 3 | put | present | sharp stakes and alligators's points | the bottom | upwards property | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stake=Theme in bottom=Destination | |||
| 4 | point | alligators = alligator | nom point «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/16/50/