Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine., sentence 62
And even at the present time you can see that the young alligators have stripes across their bodies, but the skin of the old ones, which is very rough, does not show the marks made by the hare, except on the tail part.
Who acts: you, young alligators, skin · What happens: see, have, be, not show, make · To what, where: stripes, bodies, marks
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, young alligators, skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 see | cc |
| 2 | even | even | ADV | _ | 6 time | advmod |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 time | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 time | det |
| 5 | present | present | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 time | compound |
| 6 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 see | obl |
| 7 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 see | nsubj |
| 8 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 see | aux |
| 9 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 have | mark |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 alligators | det |
| 12 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 alligators | amod |
| 13 | alligators | alligator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 have | nsubj |
| 14 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 see | advcl |
| 15 | stripes | stripe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 have | obj |
| 16 | across | across | ADP | _ | 18 bodies | case |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 bodies | nmod:poss |
| 18 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 stripes | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 show | punct |
| 20 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 35 show | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 skin | det |
| 22 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 show | nsubj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 ones | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 ones | det |
| 25 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 ones | amod |
| 26 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 skin | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 rough | punct |
| 28 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 rough | nsubj |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 rough | cop |
| 30 | very | very | ADV | _ | 31 rough | advmod |
| 31 | rough | rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 skin | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 skin | punct |
| 33 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 show | aux |
| 34 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 35 show | advmod |
| 35 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 see | conj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 marks | det |
| 37 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 show | obj |
| 38 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 marks | acl |
| 39 | by | by | ADP | _ | 41 hare | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 hare | det |
| 41 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 made | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 part | punct |
| 43 | except | except | ADP | _ | 47 part | case |
| 44 | on | on | ADP | _ | 47 part | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 part | det |
| 46 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 part | compound |
| 47 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 show | parataxis |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | can | you | time | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | have | present | the young alligators | stripes | alligators's bodies | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient | |||
| 3 | is | present | the skin of the old ones | rough property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not show | present · do-support | the skin of the old ones | the marks | the tail part parataxis | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mark=Recipient | |||
| 5 | make | participle | the marks not said here | by the hare | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/16/62/