Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover., sentence 110
On hearing this, Chief Oga was very much frightened, as he was no match for ’Nyambi in strength; so he lay there for some time, thinking of his life, his wealth, and his wives, until at last he asked ’Nyambi what it was he wished to take from his body so that he might go.
Who acts: chief, it, NYAMBI · What happens: hear, frighten, be, lie, think, ask · To what, where: this, Chief, wives, last, body
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, it, NYAMBI), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | SCONJ | _ | 2 hearing | mark |
| 2 | hearing | hear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 frightened | advcl |
| 3 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 hearing | obj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 hearing | punct |
| 5 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Chief | flat |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 frightened | aux:pass |
| 8 | very | very | ADV | _ | 9 much | advmod |
| 9 | much | much | ADV | _ | 10 frightened | advmod |
| 10 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 match | punct |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 16 match | case |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 match | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 match | cop |
| 15 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 16 match | det |
| 16 | match | match | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 frightened | obl |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 Nyambi | case |
| 18 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 19 Nyambi | punct |
| 19 | Nyambi | Nyambi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 match | nmod |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 strength | case |
| 21 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 Nyambi | nmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 lay | punct |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 lay | advmod |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 lay | nsubj |
| 25 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 frightened | parataxis |
| 26 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 25 lay | advmod |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 time | case |
| 28 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 29 time | det |
| 29 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 lay | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 thinking | punct |
| 31 | thinking | think | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 lay | advcl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 life | case |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 life | nmod:poss |
| 34 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 thinking | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 wealth | punct |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 wealth | nmod:poss |
| 37 | wealth | wealth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 life | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 wives | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 wives | cc |
| 40 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 wives | nmod:poss |
| 41 | wives | wife | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 lay | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 asked | punct |
| 43 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 47 asked | mark |
| 44 | at | at | ADP | _ | 45 last | case |
| 45 | last | last | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 asked | obl |
| 46 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 asked | nsubj |
| 47 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 lay | conj |
| 48 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 49 Nyambi | punct |
| 49 | Nyambi | Nyambi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 what | nsubj |
| 50 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 47 asked | ccomp |
| 51 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 wished | nsubj |
| 52 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 wished | cop |
| 53 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 wished | nsubj |
| 54 | wished | wish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 what | acl:relcl |
| 55 | to | to | PART | _ | 56 take | mark |
| 56 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 54 wished | xcomp |
| 57 | from | from | ADP | _ | 59 body | case |
| 58 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 59 body | nmod:poss |
| 59 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 take | obl |
| 60 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 64 go | mark |
| 61 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 60 so | fixed |
| 62 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 64 go | nsubj |
| 63 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 64 go | aux |
| 64 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 56 take | advcl |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 frightened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | gerund | this | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | frighten | past · passive | Chief | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | is | past | chief | as no match; for Nyambi in strength | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | lie | past | chief | NYAMBI's wives | there | time | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||
| 5 | think speech: other | gerund | chief not said here | of NYAMBI's life and NYAMBI's wealth | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | ask speech: ask | past | chief | last | what Nyambi ccomp | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 7 | is | past | it | NYAMBI nsubj; wish property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | take not said to happen | to-infinitive | NYAMBI's body | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent from body=Initial_Location | |||||
| 9 | go | might | NYAMBI | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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