Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover., sentence 121
The chief’s wound took many days to heal, and at night, when his wives came to him, he had to send them away, saying he was not well.
Who acts: wound, wives, chief · What happens: take, heal, come, have, send away, say · To what, where: chief, wives · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wound, wives, chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 wound | nmod:poss |
| 3 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 2 chief | case |
| 4 | wound | wound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 took | nsubj |
| 5 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 days | amod |
| 7 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 took | obj |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 heal | mark |
| 9 | heal | heal | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 took | advcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 came | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 came | cc |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 night | case |
| 13 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 came | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 night | punct |
| 15 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 18 came | mark |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 wives | nmod:poss |
| 17 | wives | wife | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 came | nsubj |
| 18 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 took | parataxis |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 him | case |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 came | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 had | punct |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 had | nsubj |
| 23 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 came | conj |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 send | mark |
| 25 | send | send | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 had | xcomp |
| 26 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 send | obj |
| 27 | away | away | ADV | _ | 25 send | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 saying | punct |
| 29 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 send | advcl |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 well | nsubj |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 well | cop |
| 32 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 33 well | advmod |
| 33 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 29 saying | ccomp |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the chief's wound | day | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | heal | to-infinitive | the chief's wound not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | come | past | chief's wives | chief | night | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to he=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | have | past | wound | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | send away | to-infinitive | wound not said here | wives = wife | away property | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 6 | say speech: assert | gerund | wound not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | not is | past | wound | well property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | wound | the chief | nom wound «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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