Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover., sentence 154
He then called his wife Obim, who brought on a calabash the part of the dead chief’s body, which had been cut off and dried in the sun, as proof of what he had said.
Who acts: chief, wife · What happens: call, bring, cut off, dry, say · To what, where: wife, calabash, part, sun · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 called | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 called | advmod |
| 3 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 wife | nmod:poss |
| 5 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 called | obj |
| 6 | Obim | Obim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 wife | appos |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 brought | punct |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 brought | nsubj |
| 9 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 wife | acl:relcl |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 calabash | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 calabash | det |
| 12 | calabash | calabash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 brought | obl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 part | det |
| 14 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 calabash | appos |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 body | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 chief | det |
| 17 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 chief | amod |
| 18 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 body | nmod:poss |
| 19 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 18 chief | case |
| 20 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 part | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 cut | punct |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 cut | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 cut | aux |
| 24 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 cut | aux:pass |
| 25 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 part | acl |
| 26 | off | off | ADP | _ | 25 cut | compound:prt |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 dried | cc |
| 28 | dried | dry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 cut | conj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 sun | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 sun | det |
| 31 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 dried | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 proof | punct |
| 33 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 proof | case |
| 34 | proof | proof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 dried | parataxis |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 what | case |
| 36 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 proof | nmod |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 said | nsubj |
| 38 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 said | aux |
| 39 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 36 what | acl:relcl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past | chief | chief's wife | then | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent wife=Recipient | |||
| 2 | bring | past | chief's wife | a calabash | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on calabash=Destination | ||||
| 3 | cut off | past · perfect · passive | the part of the dead chief's body | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | dry | participle | the sun | proof parataxis | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past · perfect | chief | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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