Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover., sentence 157
But the chiefs also added, that the man who was caught committing adultery might defend himself as well as he could, and would not be punished for so doing.
Who acts: chiefs, man · What happens: add, catch, commit, defend, not punish, do · To what, where: man, adultery, chief
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefs, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 added | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 chiefs | det |
| 3 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 added | nsubj |
| 4 | also | also | ADV | _ | 5 added | advmod |
| 5 | added | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 defend | punct |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 defend | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 man | det |
| 9 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 defend | nsubj |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 caught | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 caught | aux:pass |
| 12 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 man | acl:relcl |
| 13 | committing | commit | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 caught | xcomp |
| 14 | adultery | adultery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 committing | obj |
| 15 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 defend | aux |
| 16 | defend | defend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 added | conj |
| 17 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 16 defend | obj |
| 18 | as | as | ADV | ExtPos=ADV | 16 defend | advmod |
| 19 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 as | fixed |
| 20 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 22 could | mark |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 could | nsubj |
| 22 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 defend | advcl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 punished | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 punished | cc |
| 25 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 punished | aux |
| 26 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 punished | advmod |
| 27 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 punished | aux:pass |
| 28 | punished | punish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 added | conj |
| 29 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 31 doing | mark |
| 30 | so | so | ADV | _ | 31 doing | advmod |
| 31 | doing | do | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 punished | advcl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 added | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | add speech: assert | past | the chiefs | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | catch | past · passive | the man | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | commit | gerund | adultery | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adultery=Theme | |||||
| 4 | defend | might | the man | chief | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary | ||||
| 5 | not punish | would · passive | the chiefs not said here | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP» | |||||
| 6 | do | gerund | the chiefs not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/17/157/