Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover., sentence 25
He then asked some of the people what had become of her, and they told him that the previous day she had been seen talking to a very powerful ju-ju man, and that if he were wise he would leave his wife alone and go home at once, as his life was probably in danger.
Who acts: Ode, people, Inde, life · What happens: ask, become, tell, see, talk, be · To what, where: some, Ode, Inde, wife · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ode, people, Inde, life), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 asked | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 asked | advmod |
| 3 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 asked | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 people | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 people | det |
| 7 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 some | nmod |
| 8 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 10 become | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 become | aux |
| 10 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 people | acl:relcl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 her | case |
| 12 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 become | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 told | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 told | cc |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 told | nsubj |
| 16 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 asked | conj |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 told | iobj |
| 18 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 seen | mark |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 day | det |
| 20 | previous | previous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 day | amod |
| 21 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 seen | obl:unmarked |
| 22 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 seen | nsubj |
| 23 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 seen | aux |
| 24 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 seen | aux:pass |
| 25 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 told | ccomp |
| 26 | talking | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 seen | xcomp |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 man | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 man | det |
| 29 | very | very | ADV | _ | 30 powerful | advmod |
| 30 | powerful | powerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 man | amod |
| 31 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 ju | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 ju | punct |
| 33 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 man | compound |
| 34 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 talking | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 leave | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 leave | cc |
| 37 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 41 wise | mark |
| 38 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 41 wise | mark |
| 39 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 wise | nsubj |
| 40 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 wise | cop |
| 41 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 leave | advcl |
| 42 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 leave | nsubj |
| 43 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 leave | aux |
| 44 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 asked | ccomp |
| 45 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 wife | nmod:poss |
| 46 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 leave | obj |
| 47 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 44 leave | advmod |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 go | cc |
| 49 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 44 leave | conj |
| 50 | home | home | ADV | _ | 49 go | advmod |
| 51 | at | at | ADP | _ | 52 once | case |
| 52 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 49 go | obl |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 danger | punct |
| 54 | as | as | ADP | _ | 60 danger | case |
| 55 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 56 life | nmod:poss |
| 56 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 danger | nsubj |
| 57 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 60 danger | cop |
| 58 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 60 danger | advmod |
| 59 | in | in | ADP | _ | 60 danger | case |
| 60 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 go | obl |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | past | Ode | some of the people | then | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent some=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | become | past · perfect | the people | of Inde | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | people | Ode | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | see | past · perfect · passive | Inde | day | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | talk | gerund | Inde not said here | to a powerful ju man | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to man=Co-Agent | ||||
| 6 | is a condition, not said to happen | past | Ode | wise property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | leave | would | Ode | Ode's wife | alone property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wife=Theme | |||
| 8 | go | infinitive | Ode not said here | home property | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at once=Location | ||||
| 9 | is | past | Ode's life | as danger; probably property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/17/25/