Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover., sentence 92
She advised ’Nyambi to pretend to go down river to sell some camwood and she would then allow the chief to come to her at night when ’Nyambi should come in and surprise them together.
Who acts: OBIM, chief, Nyambi · What happens: advise, pretend, go down, sell, allow, come · To what, where: Nyambi, river, camwood, chief, OBIM, presents
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (OBIM, chief, Nyambi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 advised | nsubj |
| 2 | advised | advise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 Nyambi | punct |
| 4 | Nyambi | Nyambi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 advised | obj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 pretend | mark |
| 6 | pretend | pretend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 advised | advcl |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 go | mark |
| 8 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 pretend | xcomp |
| 9 | down | down | ADV | _ | 8 go | advmod |
| 10 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 go | obj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 sell | mark |
| 12 | sell | sell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 go | advcl |
| 13 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 14 camwood | det |
| 14 | camwood | camwood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sell | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 allow | cc |
| 16 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 allow | nsubj |
| 17 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 allow | aux |
| 18 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 19 allow | advmod |
| 19 | allow | allow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 advised | conj |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 chief | det |
| 21 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 allow | obj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 come | mark |
| 23 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 allow | xcomp |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 her | case |
| 25 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 come | obl |
| 26 | at | at | ADP | _ | 27 night | case |
| 27 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 come | obl |
| 28 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 32 come | advmod |
| 29 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 32 come | punct |
| 30 | Nyambi | Nyambi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 come | nsubj |
| 31 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 come | aux |
| 32 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 come | advcl |
| 33 | in | in | ADV | _ | 32 come | advmod |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 surprise | cc |
| 35 | surprise | surprise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 come | conj |
| 36 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 surprise | obj |
| 37 | together | together | ADV | _ | 35 surprise | advmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 advised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | advise speech: other | past | OBIM | Nyambi | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent nyambi=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | pretend | to-infinitive | OBIM not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | go down | to-infinitive | OBIM not said here | river | down property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient river=Extent | |||
| 4 | sell | to-infinitive | OBIM not said here | some camwood | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent camwood=Theme | ||||
| 5 | allow | would | OBIM | the chief | then | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer chief=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | |||
| 6 | come not said to happen | to-infinitive | the chief not said here | OBIM | night | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to she=Initial_Location | |||
| 7 | come in | should | Nyambi | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | surprise | present | Nyambi not said here | presents = present | together property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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