Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 11
He did this as he had made up his mind to run away in Abang’s skin and go round the country, where he knew the people would be certain to give him many presents.
Who acts: Oga, people · What happens: do, make up, run away, go, know, be · To what, where: this, mind, skin, country, many presents, Oga · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oga, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 did | nsubj |
| 2 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 did | obj |
| 4 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 7 made | mark |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 made | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 made | aux |
| 7 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 did | advcl |
| 8 | up | up | ADP | _ | 7 made | compound:prt |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 mind | nmod:poss |
| 10 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 made | obj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 run | mark |
| 12 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 made | advcl |
| 13 | away | away | ADV | _ | 12 run | advmod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 skin | case |
| 15 | Abang | Abang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 skin | nmod:poss |
| 16 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 15 Abang | case |
| 17 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 run | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 go | cc |
| 19 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 run | conj |
| 20 | round | round | ADP | _ | 22 country | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 country | det |
| 22 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 go | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 knew | punct |
| 24 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 26 knew | advmod |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 knew | nsubj |
| 26 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 go | parataxis |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 people | det |
| 28 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 certain | nsubj |
| 29 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 certain | aux |
| 30 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 certain | cop |
| 31 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 knew | ccomp |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 give | mark |
| 33 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 certain | xcomp |
| 34 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 give | iobj |
| 35 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 presents | amod |
| 36 | presents | present | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 give | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 did | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | past | Oga | this | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | make up | past · perfect | Oga | Oga's mind | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mind=Pivot | ||||
| 3 | run away | to-infinitive | Oga not said here | Abang's skin | away property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in skin=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | go | present | Oga not said here | the country | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme round country=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | know | past | Oga | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | is | would | the people | certain property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | give | to-infinitive | the people not said here | many presents | Oga | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient present=Theme | |||
| 8 | mind | Oga | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/11/