Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 46
XXVI.--CONCERNING THE JU-JU AGAINST ELEPHANTIASIS, OR HOW THE HARES LOST THEIR LONG TAILS.
Who acts: XXVI, HARES · What happens: concern, lose · To what, where: JU JU, LONG TAILS, XXVI
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (XXVI, HARES), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | XXVI | xxvi | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 XXVI | punct |
| 3 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 4 CONCERNING | punct |
| 4 | CONCERNING | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 XXVI | acl |
| 5 | THE | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 JU | det |
| 6 | JU | JU | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 JU | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 JU | punct |
| 8 | JU | JU | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 CONCERNING | obj |
| 9 | AGAINST | against | ADP | _ | 10 ELEPHANTIASIS | case |
| 10 | ELEPHANTIASIS | elephantiasis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 JU | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 LOST | punct |
| 12 | OR | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 LOST | cc |
| 13 | HOW | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 LOST | advmod |
| 14 | THE | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 HARES | det |
| 15 | HARES | hare | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 LOST | nsubj |
| 16 | LOST | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 JU | acl:relcl |
| 17 | THEIR | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 TAILS | nmod:poss |
| 18 | LONG | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 TAILS | amod |
| 19 | TAILS | tail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 LOST | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 XXVI | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | concern | gerund | XXVI not said here | the JU JU | against ELEPHANTIASIS | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ju=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | lose | past | the HARES | HARES's LONG TAILS | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/46/