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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 48

[9] The old man continually made sacrifices to his ju-ju of goats and fowls and all the young men of the town brought him presents as sacrifices so that they should not get the disease, which is very common throughout the country.

Who acts: old man, men, disease · What happens: make, bring, not get, be · To what, where: 9, presents, Okpa, disease

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, men, disease), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

punctoblpunctdetamodnsubjadvmodobjcasenmod:posscompoundpunctoblcasenmodccconjccdet:predetdetamodconjcasedetnmodconjobjobjcaseoblmarkfixednsubjauxadvmodadvcldetobjpunctnsubjcopadvmodacl:relclcasedetoblpunctroot[PUNCT9NUM]PUNCTTheDEToldADJmanNOUNcontinuallyADVmadeVERBsacrificesNOUNtoADPhisPRONjuNOUN-PUNCTjuNOUNofADPgoatsNOUNandCCONJfowlsNOUNandCCONJallDETtheDETyoungADJmenNOUNofADPtheDETtownNOUNbroughtVERBhimPRONpresentsNOUNasADPsacrificesNOUNsoSCONJthatSCONJtheyPRONshouldAUXnotPARTgetVERBtheDETdiseaseNOUN,PUNCTwhichPRONisAUXveryADVcommonADJthroughoutADPtheDETcountryNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1[[PUNCT_2 9punct
299NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card8 madeobl
3]]PUNCT_2 9punct
4ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art6 mandet
5oldoldADJDegree=Pos6 manamod
6manmanNOUNNumber=Sing8 madensubj
7continuallycontinuallyADV_6 manadvmod
8mademakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
9sacrificessacrificeNOUNNumber=Plur8 madeobj
10totoADP_14 jucase
11hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs14 junmod:poss
12jujuNOUNNumber=Sing14 jucompound
13--PUNCT_12 jupunct
14jujuNOUNNumber=Sing27 broughtobl
15ofofADP_16 goatscase
16goatsgoatNOUNNumber=Plur14 junmod
17andandCCONJ_18 fowlscc
18fowlsfowlNOUNNumber=Plur16 goatsconj
19andandCCONJ_23 mencc
20allallDETPronType=Tot23 mendet:predet
21thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art23 mendet
22youngyoungADJDegree=Pos23 menamod
23menmanNOUNNumber=Plur16 goatsconj
24ofofADP_26 towncase
25thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art26 towndet
26towntownNOUNNumber=Sing23 mennmod
27broughtbringVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin8 madeconj
28himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs27 broughtobj
29presentspresentNOUNNumber=Plur27 broughtobj
30asasADP_31 sacrificescase
31sacrificessacrificeNOUNNumber=Plur27 broughtobl
32sosoSCONJExtPos=SCONJ37 getmark
33thatthatSCONJ_32 sofixed
34theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs37 getnsubj
35shouldshouldAUXVerbForm=Fin37 getaux
36notnotPARTPolarity=Neg37 getadvmod
37getgetVERBVerbForm=Inf27 broughtadvcl
38thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art39 diseasedet
39diseasediseaseNOUNNumber=Sing37 getobj
40,,PUNCT_44 commonpunct
41whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel44 commonnsubj
42isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin44 commoncop
43veryveryADV_44 commonadvmod
44commoncommonADJDegree=Pos39 diseaseacl:relcl
45throughoutthroughoutADP_47 countrycase
46thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art47 countrydet
47countrycountryNOUNNumber=Sing44 commonobl
48..PUNCT_8 madepunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1makepastthe old man9sacrifices objvn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sacrifice=Product
2bringpastthe old man not said herepresentsOkpato Okpa's ju ju of goats and fowls and all young men of the town; as sacrificesvn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination present=Theme
3not getshouldmen = manthe diseasevn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer disease=Stimulus
4ispresentthe diseasethroughout the countrycommon propertytree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/48/