Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 5
Needless to say, all the young girls of the country wanted to marry him, but he looked after himself very well and kept away from the women in general, having his own particular friend to whom he was on the whole fairly faithful.
Who acts: young girls, Oga · What happens: say, want, marry, look, keep away, have · To what, where: Oga, own particular friend · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young girls, Oga), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Needless | needless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 2 | to | to | PART | _ | 3 say | mark |
| 3 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Needless | csubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 girls | punct |
| 5 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 girls | det:predet |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 girls | det |
| 7 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 girls | amod |
| 8 | girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 wanted | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 country | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 country | det |
| 11 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 girls | nmod |
| 12 | wanted | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 say | ccomp |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 marry | mark |
| 14 | marry | marry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 wanted | xcomp |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 marry | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 looked | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 looked | cc |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 looked | nsubj |
| 19 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Needless | conj |
| 20 | after | after | ADP | _ | 21 himself | case |
| 21 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 19 looked | obl |
| 22 | very | very | ADV | _ | 23 well | advmod |
| 23 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 19 looked | advmod |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 kept | cc |
| 25 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Needless | conj |
| 26 | away | away | ADV | _ | 25 kept | advmod |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 women | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 women | det |
| 29 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 away | obl |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 general | case |
| 31 | general | general | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 women | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 having | punct |
| 33 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 kept | advcl |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 friend | nmod:poss |
| 35 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 friend | amod |
| 36 | particular | particular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 friend | amod |
| 37 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 having | obj |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 whom | case |
| 39 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 having | obl |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 faithful | nsubj |
| 41 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 faithful | cop |
| 42 | on | on | SCONJ | _ | 46 faithful | mark |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 faithful | det |
| 44 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 faithful | amod |
| 45 | fairly | fairly | ADV | _ | 46 faithful | advmod |
| 46 | faithful | faithful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 whom | acl:relcl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Needless | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | to-infinitive | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 2 | want | past | all young girls of the country | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | marry not said to happen | to-infinitive | all young girls of the country not said here | Oga | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | ||||
| 4 | look | past | Oga | after Oga | well property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | keep away | participle | away property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | have | gerund | Oga's own particular friend | whom obl | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient | ||||
| 7 | is | past | Oga | fairly, faithful property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/5/