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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 5

Needless to say, all the young girls of the country wanted to marry him, but he looked after himself very well and kept away from the women in general, having his own particular friend to whom he was on the whole fairly faithful.

Who acts: young girls, Oga · What happens: say, want, marry, look, keep away, have · To what, where: Oga, own particular friend · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young girls, Oga), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

markcsubjpunctdet:predetdetamodnsubjcasedetnmodccompmarkxcompobjpunctccnsubjconjcaseobladvmodadvmodccconjadvmodcasedetoblcasenmodpunctadvclnmod:possamodamodobjcaseoblnsubjcopmarkdetamodadvmodacl:relclpunctrootNeedlessADJtoPARTsayVERB,PUNCTallDETtheDETyoungADJgirlsNOUNofADPtheDETcountryNOUNwantedVERBtoPARTmarryVERBhimPRON,PUNCTbutCCONJhePRONlookedVERBafterADPhimselfPRONveryADVwellADVandCCONJkeptVERBawayADVfromADPtheDETwomenNOUNinADPgeneralADJ,PUNCThavingVERBhisPRONownADJparticularADJfriendNOUNtoADPwhomPRONhePRONwasAUXonSCONJtheDETwholeADJfairlyADVfaithfulADJ.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1NeedlessneedlessADJDegree=Posrootroot
2totoPART_3 saymark
3saysayVERBVerbForm=Inf1 Needlesscsubj
4,,PUNCT_8 girlspunct
5allallDETPronType=Tot8 girlsdet:predet
6thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art8 girlsdet
7youngyoungADJDegree=Pos8 girlsamod
8girlsgirlNOUNNumber=Plur12 wantednsubj
9ofofADP_11 countrycase
10thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art11 countrydet
11countrycountryNOUNNumber=Sing8 girlsnmod
12wantedwantVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 sayccomp
13totoPART_14 marrymark
14marrymarryVERBVerbForm=Inf12 wantedxcomp
15himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs14 marryobj
16,,PUNCT_19 lookedpunct
17butbutCCONJ_19 lookedcc
18hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs19 lookednsubj
19lookedlookVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin1 Needlessconj
20afterafterADP_21 himselfcase
21himselfhimselfPRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes19 lookedobl
22veryveryADV_23 welladvmod
23wellwellADVDegree=Pos19 lookedadvmod
24andandCCONJ_25 keptcc
25keptkeepVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass1 Needlessconj
26awayawayADV_25 keptadvmod
27fromfromADP_29 womencase
28thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art29 womendet
29womenwomanNOUNNumber=Plur26 awayobl
30ininADP_31 generalcase
31generalgeneralADJDegree=Pos29 womennmod
32,,PUNCT_33 havingpunct
33havinghaveVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part25 keptadvcl
34hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs37 friendnmod:poss
35ownownADJDegree=Pos37 friendamod
36particularparticularADJDegree=Pos37 friendamod
37friendfriendNOUNNumber=Sing33 havingobj
38totoADP_39 whomcase
39whomwhomPRONPronType=Rel33 havingobl
40hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs46 faithfulnsubj
41wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin46 faithfulcop
42ononSCONJ_46 faithfulmark
43thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art46 faithfuldet
44wholewholeADJDegree=Pos46 faithfulamod
45fairlyfairlyADV_46 faithfuladvmod
46faithfulfaithfulADJDegree=Pos39 whomacl:relcl
47..PUNCT_1 Needlesspunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1say speech: assertto-infinitivevn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2wantpastall young girls of the countryvn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3marry not said to happento-infinitiveall young girls of the country not said hereOgavn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient
4lookpastOgaafter Ogawell propertyvn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
5keep awayparticipleaway propertyvn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
6havegerundOga's own particular friendwhom oblvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient
7ispastOgafairly, faithful propertytree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/5/