Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 7
These sores were so bad that Oga could not walk about, and his body smelt so disgustingly that the people would not let him come near them.
Who acts: sores, Oga, body, people · What happens: be, not walk, smelt, not let, come · To what, where: Oga
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sores, Oga, body, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 sores | det |
| 2 | sores | sore | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 bad | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 bad | cop |
| 4 | so | so | ADV | _ | 5 bad | advmod |
| 5 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 walk | mark |
| 7 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 walk | nsubj |
| 8 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 walk | aux |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 walk | advmod |
| 10 | walk | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 bad | advcl |
| 11 | about | about | ADV | _ | 10 walk | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 smelt | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 smelt | cc |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 body | nmod:poss |
| 15 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 smelt | nsubj |
| 16 | smelt | smelt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 bad | parataxis |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 disgustingly | advmod |
| 18 | disgustingly | disgustingly | ADV | _ | 16 smelt | advmod |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 let | mark |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 people | det |
| 21 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 let | nsubj |
| 22 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 let | aux |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 let | advmod |
| 24 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 smelt | advcl |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 let | obj |
| 26 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 let | xcomp |
| 27 | near | near | ADP | _ | 28 them | case |
| 28 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 come | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 bad | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | this sores | bad property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not walk | could | Oga | about property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | smelt | past | Oga's body | disgustingly property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not let | would | the people | Oga | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | come | infinitive | Oga not said here | near sores = sore | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near they=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/7/