Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 24
The crab replied, “Yes, the hare is in my house, but I never give strangers up to their enemies.”
Who acts: crab, hare · What happens: reply, be, not give up · To what, where: house, strangers · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crab, hare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 crab | det |
| 2 | crab | crab | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 replied | nsubj |
| 3 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 house | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 house | punct |
| 6 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 13 house | discourse |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 Yes | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 hare | det |
| 9 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 house | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 house | cop |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 house | case |
| 12 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 house | nmod:poss |
| 13 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 replied | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 give | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 18 give | cc |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 give | nsubj |
| 17 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 18 give | advmod |
| 18 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 replied | conj |
| 19 | strangers | stranger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 give | iobj |
| 20 | up | up | ADP | _ | 18 give | compound:prt |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 enemies | case |
| 22 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 23 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 give | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 replied | punct |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 replied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reply speech: assert | past | the crab | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | the hare | my house | my nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 3 | not give up in a quote | present | the crab = crab | strangers | to strangers's enemies | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent stranger=Theme to enemy=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/24/