Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 44
The hare ran on some distance with the pot of meat, on the road to his house, and when he thought he was safe from pursuit he sat down on an ant-hill, with his tail down a hole.
Who acts: hare · What happens: run, think, be, sit down · To what, where: road, pursuit, ant hill · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hare | det |
| 2 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ran | nsubj |
| 3 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 distance | case |
| 5 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 distance | det |
| 6 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ran | obl |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 pot | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 pot | det |
| 9 | pot | pot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 distance | nmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 meat | case |
| 11 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pot | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 road | punct |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 road | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 road | det |
| 15 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ran | obl |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 house | case |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 house | nmod:poss |
| 18 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 road | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 thought | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 thought | cc |
| 21 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 23 thought | advmod |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 thought | nsubj |
| 23 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | conj |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 safe | nsubj |
| 25 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 safe | cop |
| 26 | safe | safe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 thought | ccomp |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 pursuit | case |
| 28 | pursuit | pursuit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 safe | obl |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 sat | nsubj |
| 30 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 pursuit | acl:relcl |
| 31 | down | down | ADP | _ | 30 sat | compound:prt |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 36 hill | case |
| 33 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 hill | det |
| 34 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 hill | compound |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 ant | punct |
| 36 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 sat | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 tail | punct |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 40 tail | case |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 tail | nmod:poss |
| 40 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 safe | conj |
| 41 | down | down | ADP | _ | 26 safe | compound:prt |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 hole | det |
| 43 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 safe | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | past | the hare | the road to hare's house | on some distance with the pot of meat | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on distance=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | think speech: other | past | hare | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | past | hare | pursuit | hare's tail conj; a hole conj; safe property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | sit down | past | hare | pursuit not said here | a ant hill | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/44/