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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 47

When he had finished his meal the hare felt that something was wrong with his tail, so he jumped away from the ant hill, and found to his disgust that he had left half his tail behind him where the ants had bitten it through.

Who acts: hare, finished meal, something · What happens: finish, feel, be, jump away, find, leave · To what, where: ant hill, tail, ants

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, finished meal, something), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advmodnsubjauxamodnmod:possnsubjdetnsubjmarknsubjcopxcompcasenmod:possoblpunctadvmodnsubjconjadvmodcasedetcompoundoblpunctccconjcasenmod:possoblmarknsubjauxadvcldet:predetnmod:possobjcaseobladvmoddetnsubj:passauxadvclobjadvmodpunctrootWhenADVhePRONhadAUXfinishedVERBhisPRONmealNOUNtheDEThareNOUNfeltVERBthatSCONJsomethingPRONwasAUXwrongADJwithADPhisPRONtailNOUN,PUNCTsoADVhePRONjumpedVERBawayADVfromADPtheDETantNOUNhillNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJfoundVERBtoADPhisPRONdisgustNOUNthatSCONJhePRONhadAUXleftVERBhalfDEThisPRONtailNOUNbehindADPhimPRONwhereADVtheDETantsNOUNhadAUXbittenVERBitPRONthroughADV.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WhenwhenADVPronType=Int4 finishedadvmod
2hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs4 finishednsubj
3hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 finishedaux
4finishedfinishVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass6 mealamod
5hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs6 mealnmod:poss
6mealmealNOUNNumber=Sing9 feltnsubj
7thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art8 haredet
8harehareNOUNNumber=Sing9 feltnsubj
9feltfeelVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
10thatthatSCONJ_13 wrongmark
11somethingsomethingPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Ind13 wrongnsubj
12wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin13 wrongcop
13wrongwrongADJDegree=Pos9 feltxcomp
14withwithADP_16 tailcase
15hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs16 tailnmod:poss
16tailtailNOUNNumber=Sing13 wrongobl
17,,PUNCT_20 jumpedpunct
18sosoADV_20 jumpedadvmod
19hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs20 jumpednsubj
20jumpedjumpVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin9 feltconj
21awayawayADV_20 jumpedadvmod
22fromfromADP_25 hillcase
23thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art25 hilldet
24antantNOUNNumber=Sing25 hillcompound
25hillhillNOUNNumber=Sing20 jumpedobl
26,,PUNCT_28 foundpunct
27andandCCONJ_28 foundcc
28foundfindVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin9 feltconj
29totoADP_31 disgustcase
30hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs31 disgustnmod:poss
31disgustdisgustNOUNNumber=Sing28 foundobl
32thatthatSCONJ_35 leftmark
33hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs35 leftnsubj
34hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin35 leftaux
35leftleaveVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part28 foundadvcl
36halfhalfDETNumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind38 taildet:predet
37hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs38 tailnmod:poss
38tailtailNOUNNumber=Sing35 leftobj
39behindbehindADP_40 himcase
40himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs35 leftobl
41wherewhereADVPronType=Rel45 bittenadvmod
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art43 antsdet
43antsantNOUNNumber=Plur45 bittennsubj:pass
44hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin45 bittenaux
45bittenbiteVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass35 leftadvcl
46ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs45 bittenobj
47throughthroughADV_45 bittenadvmod
48..PUNCT_9 feltpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1finishpast · perfectharevn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2feelpasthare's finished mealthe hare nsubjvn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
3ispastsomethingwith hare's tail; wrong propertytree rules
4jump awaypastharethe ant hillaway propertyvn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from hill=Trajectory
5findpasthare's finished meal not said hereto hare's disgustvn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
6leavepast · perfectharehare's tailbehind mealvn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tail=Theme behind he=Location
7bitepast · perfect · passivethe antstail obj; through propertyvn swat-18.2 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient it=Result
8disgustharenom disgust «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/47/