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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 77

On account of the hare’s wife lighting the lamp to look at her husband’s tail and thus spoiling his war ju-ju, it has been a custom ever since that when men are going to fight they will never trust their wives with their war ju-ju, and they will not sleep with them or eat any food which they have cooked with their hands until the fighting is over.

Who acts: wife, tail, that, men, fighting · What happens: light, look, spoil, be, go, fight · To what, where: lamp, war ju ju, custom, account, wives, food

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife, tail, that, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

caseoblcasedetnmod:posscasenmodacldetobjmarkadvclcasenmod:possnmod:posscaseoblccadvmodconjnmod:posscompoundcompoundpunctobjpunctnsubjauxcopdetadvmodmarknsubjadvmodnsubjauxparataxismarkxcompnsubjauxadvmodccompnmod:possobjcasenmod:posscompoundcompoundpunctoblpunctccnsubjauxadvmodparataxiscaseoblccconjdetobjnsubj:passnsubj:passauxacl:relclcasenmod:possoblmarkdetnsubjcopadvclpunctrootOnADPaccountNOUNofADPtheDEThareNOUN’sPARTwifeNOUNlightingVERBtheDETlampNOUNtoPARTlookVERBatADPherPRONhusbandNOUN’sPARTtailNOUNandCCONJthusADVspoilingVERBhisPRONwarNOUNjuNOUN-PUNCTjuNOUN,PUNCTitPRONhasAUXbeenAUXaDETcustomNOUNeverADVsinceSCONJthatPRONwhenADVmenNOUNareAUXgoingVERBtoPARTfightVERBtheyPRONwillAUXneverADVtrustVERBtheirPRONwivesNOUNwithADPtheirPRONwarNOUNjuNOUN-PUNCTjuNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtheyPRONwillAUXnotPARTsleepVERBwithADPthemPRONorCCONJeatVERBanyDETfoodNOUNwhichPRONtheyPRONhaveAUXcookedVERBwithADPtheirPRONhandsNOUNuntilSCONJtheDETfightingNOUNisAUXoverADV.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1OnonADP_2 accountcase
2accountaccountNOUNNumber=Sing31 customobl
3ofofADP_7 wifecase
4thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art5 haredet
5harehareNOUNNumber=Sing7 wifenmod:poss
6’s'sPART_5 harecase
7wifewifeNOUNNumber=Sing2 accountnmod
8lightinglightVERBVerbForm=Ger7 wifeacl
9thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 lampdet
10lamplampNOUNNumber=Sing8 lightingobj
11totoPART_12 lookmark
12looklookVERBVerbForm=Inf8 lightingadvcl
13atatADP_17 tailcase
14herherPRONCase=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs15 husbandnmod:poss
15husbandhusbandNOUNNumber=Sing17 tailnmod:poss
16’s'sPART_15 husbandcase
17tailtailNOUNNumber=Sing12 lookobl
18andandCCONJ_20 spoilingcc
19thusthusADV_20 spoilingadvmod
20spoilingspoilVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part12 lookconj
21hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs25 junmod:poss
22warwarNOUNNumber=Sing25 jucompound
23jujuNOUNNumber=Sing25 jucompound
24--PUNCT_23 jupunct
25jujuNOUNNumber=Sing20 spoilingobj
26,,PUNCT_2 accountpunct
27ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs31 customnsubj
28hashaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin31 customaux
29beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part31 customcop
30aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art31 customdet
31customcustomNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
32evereverADVPronType=Ind38 goingadvmod
33sincesinceSCONJ_38 goingmark
34thatthatPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Dem38 goingnsubj
35whenwhenADVPronType=Int38 goingadvmod
36menmanNOUNNumber=Plur38 goingnsubj
37arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin38 goingaux
38goinggoVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part31 customparataxis
39totoPART_40 fightmark
40fightfightVERBVerbForm=Inf38 goingxcomp
41theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs44 trustnsubj
42willwillAUXVerbForm=Fin44 trustaux
43neverneverADVPronType=Neg44 trustadvmod
44trusttrustVERBVerbForm=Inf40 fightccomp
45theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs46 wivesnmod:poss
46wiveswifeNOUNNumber=Plur44 trustobj
47withwithADP_52 jucase
48theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs52 junmod:poss
49warwarNOUNNumber=Sing52 jucompound
50jujuNOUNNumber=Sing52 jucompound
51--PUNCT_50 jupunct
52jujuNOUNNumber=Sing44 trustobl
53,,PUNCT_58 sleeppunct
54andandCCONJ_58 sleepcc
55theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs58 sleepnsubj
56willwillAUXVerbForm=Fin58 sleepaux
57notnotPARTPolarity=Neg58 sleepadvmod
58sleepsleepVERBVerbForm=Inf38 goingparataxis
59withwithADP_60 themcase
60themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs58 sleepobl
61ororCCONJ_62 eatcc
62eateatVERBVerbForm=Inf58 sleepconj
63anyanyDETPronType=Ind64 fooddet
64foodfoodNOUNNumber=Sing62 eatobj
65whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel68 cookednsubj:pass
66theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs68 cookednsubj:pass
67havehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin68 cookedaux
68cookedcookVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass64 foodacl:relcl
69withwithADP_71 handscase
70theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs71 handsnmod:poss
71handshandNOUNNumber=Plur68 cookedobl
72untiluntilSCONJ_76 overmark
73thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art74 fightingdet
74fightingfightingNOUNNumber=Sing76 overnsubj
75isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin76 overcop
76overoverADV_68 cookedadvcl
77..PUNCT_31 custompunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1lightgerundthe hare's wife not said herethe lampvn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lamp=Product
2lookto-infinitivethe hare's wife not said hereat wife's husband's tailvn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at tail=Theme
3spoilgerundthe hare's wife not said herehare's war ju juthus propertytree rules
4is apresent · perfecttaila customaccount of the hare's wifetree rules
5gopresent · progressivethatevermen nsubjvn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6fightto-infinitivethat not said heretree rules
7not trustfuturemen = manmen's wiveswith men's war ju juvn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent wife=Recipient with ju=Theme
8not sleepfuturemen = manwith children = childvn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9eatinfinitivemen = man not said hereany foodvn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient
10cookpresent · perfect · passiveany foodwith men's hands; men = man nsubj:passvn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with hand=Instrument
11ispresentthe fightingover propertytree rules
12accountthe hare's wifenom account «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/77/