Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 86
They were also made to pay the value of the number of balls of camwood which they had failed to make.
Who acts: camwood · What happens: make, pay, fail, value · To what, where: camwood, value, number
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (camwood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 made | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 made | aux:pass |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 4 made | advmod |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 pay | mark |
| 6 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 made | xcomp |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 value | det |
| 8 | value | value | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pay | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 number | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 number | det |
| 11 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 value | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 balls | case |
| 13 | balls | ball | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 number | nmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 camwood | case |
| 15 | camwood | camwood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 balls | nmod |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 failed | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 failed | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 failed | aux |
| 19 | failed | fail | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 camwood | acl:relcl |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 make | mark |
| 21 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 failed | advcl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past · passive | camwood | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | pay | to-infinitive | camwood not said here | the value of the number of balls of camwood | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent value=Asset | ||||
| 3 | fail | past · perfect · passive | camwood | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | make | to-infinitive | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||||
| 5 | value | the number of balls of camwood | nom value «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/86/