Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 12
He then had her tied up to a tree, and she was given fifty lashes, the blood running down her back on to the ground, the woman becoming unconscious from the pain.
Who acts: Chief, blood, woman · What happens: have, tie up, give, run down, become · To what, where: Erim, back, ground, unconscious, pain
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, blood, woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 had | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 had | advmod |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 tied | nmod:poss |
| 5 | tied | tie | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 had | xcomp |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 tied | compound:prt |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 tree | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 tree | det |
| 9 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tied | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 given | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 given | cc |
| 12 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 given | nsubj |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 given | aux:pass |
| 14 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 tied | conj |
| 15 | fifty | fifty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 lashes | nummod |
| 16 | lashes | lash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 given | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 blood | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 blood | det |
| 19 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lashes | nmod |
| 20 | running | run | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 blood | acl |
| 21 | down | down | ADP | _ | 23 back | case |
| 22 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 back | nmod:poss |
| 23 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 running | obl |
| 24 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 ground | case |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 ground | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 ground | det |
| 27 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 running | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 becoming | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 woman | det |
| 30 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 becoming | nsubj |
| 31 | becoming | become | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 lashes | acl |
| 32 | unconscious | unconscious | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 becoming | xcomp |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 pain | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 pain | det |
| 35 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 becoming | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Chief | then | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | tie up | participle | Chief not said here | to a tree; Erim nmod:poss | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to tree=Co-Patient | ||||
| 3 | give | past · passive | Erim | fifty lashes the blood obj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient lash=Theme | ||||
| 4 | run down | gerund | the blood not said here | Erim's back | the ground | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent back=Theme on ground=Trajectory | |||
| 5 | become | gerund | the woman | unconscious | the pain | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient lash=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/12/