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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 22

Having bought twenty-five yams and one cock, he took them, together with the calabash of tombo, and gave them to Chief Erim as his present.

Who acts: Chief · What happens: have, buy, take, give · To what, where: bought five yams, yams

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advclamodcompoundpunctnummodobjccnummodconjpunctnsubjobjpunctadvmodcasedetoblcasenmodpunctccconjiobjcaseoblflatcasenmod:possoblpunctrootHavingVERBboughtVERBtwentyNUM-PUNCTfiveNUMyamsNOUNandCCONJoneNUMcockNOUN,PUNCThePRONtookVERBthemPRON,PUNCTtogetherADVwithADPtheDETcalabashNOUNofADPtomboNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJgaveVERBthemPRONtoADPChiefPROPNErimPROPNasADPhisPRONpresentNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1HavinghaveVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part12 tookadvcl
2boughtbuyVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass6 yamsamod
3twentytwentyNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card5 fivecompound
4--PUNCT_3 twentypunct
5fivefiveNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card6 yamsnummod
6yamsyamNOUNNumber=Plur1 Havingobj
7andandCCONJ_9 cockcc
8oneoneNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card9 cocknummod
9cockcockNOUNNumber=Sing6 yamsconj
10,,PUNCT_1 Havingpunct
11hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs12 tooknsubj
12tooktakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
13themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs12 tookobj
14,,PUNCT_18 calabashpunct
15togethertogetherADV_18 calabashadvmod
16withwithADP_18 calabashcase
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art18 calabashdet
18calabashcalabashNOUNNumber=Sing12 tookobl
19ofofADP_20 tombocase
20tombotomboNOUNNumber=Sing18 calabashnmod
21,,PUNCT_23 gavepunct
22andandCCONJ_23 gavecc
23gavegiveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin12 tookconj
24themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs23 gaveiobj
25totoADP_26 Chiefcase
26ChiefChiefPROPNNumber=Sing23 gaveobl
27ErimErimPROPNNumber=Sing26 Chiefflat
28asasADP_30 presentcase
29hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs30 presentnmod:poss
30presentpresentNOUNNumber=Sing23 gaveobl
31..PUNCT_12 tookpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1havegerundChief not said herebought five yams and one cockvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yam=Patient
2buyparticiplevn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
3takepastChiefyams = yamwith the calabash of tombovn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
4givepastChief not said hereyams = yamto Chief; as Chief's presentvn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Theme to chief=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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