Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 44
One day when he was vexed with a slave, he tied him up to a tree and led the driver ants to him, so that he died in great agony.
Who acts: Oga · What happens: vex, tie up, lead, die · To what, where: Oga, father, driver ants
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oga), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 day | nummod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 tied | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 vexed | advmod |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 vexed | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 vexed | aux:pass |
| 6 | vexed | vex | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 day | acl:relcl |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 slave | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 slave | det |
| 9 | slave | slave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 vexed | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 day | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 tied | nsubj |
| 12 | tied | tie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 tied | obj |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 tied | compound:prt |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 tree | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 tree | det |
| 17 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 tied | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 led | cc |
| 19 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 tied | conj |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 ants | det |
| 21 | driver | driver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 ants | compound |
| 22 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 led | obj |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 him | case |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 led | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 died | punct |
| 26 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 29 died | mark |
| 27 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 so | fixed |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 died | nsubj |
| 29 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 led | parataxis |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 agony | case |
| 31 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 agony | amod |
| 32 | agony | agony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 died | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 tied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | vex | past · passive | Oga | with a slave | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | tie up | past | Oga | father | day | to a tree | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent he=Patient to tree=Co-Patient | ||
| 3 | lead | past | Oga not said here | the driver ants | Oga | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ant=Theme to he=Destination | |||
| 4 | die | past | Oga | in great agony | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in agony=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/44/