Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 51
They then called Oga Erim’s name and told the ju-ju to kill him and not to harm anyone else.
Who acts: slaves, Oga · What happens: call, tell, kill, not harm, name · To what, where: name, ju ju, Oga, anyone · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (slaves, Oga), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 called | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 called | advmod |
| 3 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 name | nmod:poss |
| 5 | Erim | Erim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Oga | flat |
| 6 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 4 Oga | case |
| 7 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 called | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 told | cc |
| 9 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 called | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 ju | det |
| 11 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 ju | compound |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 ju | punct |
| 13 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 told | obj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 kill | mark |
| 15 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 told | ccomp |
| 16 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 kill | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 harm | cc |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 harm | advmod |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 harm | mark |
| 20 | harm | harm | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 kill | conj |
| 21 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 20 harm | obj |
| 22 | else | else | ADV | _ | 21 anyone | advmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past | slaves = slave | Oga's name | then | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient | |||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | past | slaves = slave not said here | the ju ju | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent ju=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | kill not said to happen | to-infinitive | Oga | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||||
| 4 | not harm | to-infinitive | anyone | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus anyone=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | name | Oga | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/51/