Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 55
In the middle of the night Oga Erim died in great pain, and one of the slaves at once ran off and told the head slave what had happened.
Who acts: Oga, head slave · What happens: die, run off, tell, happen · To what, where: one, head slave · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oga, head slave), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 middle | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 middle | det |
| 3 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 died | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 night | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 night | det |
| 6 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 middle | nmod |
| 7 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 died | nsubj |
| 8 | Erim | Erim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Oga | flat |
| 9 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 pain | case |
| 11 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 pain | amod |
| 12 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 died | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 one | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 one | cc |
| 15 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 died | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 slaves | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 slaves | det |
| 18 | slaves | slave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 one | nmod |
| 19 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 21 ran | mark |
| 20 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 21 ran | advmod |
| 21 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 died | advcl |
| 22 | off | off | ADP | _ | 21 ran | compound:prt |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 told | cc |
| 24 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 ran | conj |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 slave | det |
| 26 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 slave | compound |
| 27 | slave | slave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 told | obj |
| 28 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 30 happened | nsubj |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 happened | aux |
| 30 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 27 slave | acl:relcl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 died | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | die | past | Oga | one of the slaves | in great pain; in the middle of the night | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in middle=Attribute | |||
| 2 | run off | past | Oga not said here | once property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | Oga not said here | the head slave | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent slave=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | happen | past · perfect | the head slave | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/55/