Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 14
This bush buck had a daughter whose skin shone like a bright red stone.
Who acts: bush buck · What happens: have, shine · To what, where: daughter, skin
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bush buck), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 buck | det |
| 2 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 buck | compound |
| 3 | buck | buck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 had | nsubj |
| 4 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 daughter | det |
| 6 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 had | obj |
| 7 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 8 skin | nmod:poss |
| 8 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 daughter | conj |
| 9 | shone | shine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 skin | acl |
| 10 | like | like | ADP | _ | 14 stone | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 stone | det |
| 12 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 stone | amod |
| 13 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 stone | amod |
| 14 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 shone | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | this bush buck | a daughter and a daughter and a daughter's skin's skin | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daughter=Patient | ||||
| 2 | shine | participle | a daughter and a daughter and skin's skin's skin not said here | like a bright red stone | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/14/