Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 32
All the young frogs were to go out in the early morning and hide themselves in holes at intervals along the whole of the course and one frog was to be at the turning point.
Who acts: young frogs, one frog · What happens: go out, hide, be · To what, where: companions, holes, turning point
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young frogs, one frog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 frogs | det:predet |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 frogs | det |
| 3 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 frogs | amod |
| 4 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 go | nsubj |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 go | aux |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 go | mark |
| 7 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | out | out | ADV | _ | 7 go | advmod |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 morning | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 morning | det |
| 11 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 morning | amod |
| 12 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 go | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 hide | cc |
| 14 | hide | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 go | conj |
| 15 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 14 hide | obj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 holes | case |
| 17 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 hide | obl |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 intervals | case |
| 19 | intervals | interval | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 hide | obl |
| 20 | along | along | ADP | _ | 22 whole | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 whole | det |
| 22 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 hide | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 course | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 course | det |
| 25 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 whole | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 point | cc |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 frog | nummod |
| 28 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 point | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 point | cop |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 point | mark |
| 31 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 35 point | cop |
| 32 | at | at | ADP | _ | 35 point | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 point | det |
| 34 | turning | turning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 point | compound |
| 35 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 whole | conj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 go | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go out | past | all young frogs | morning | out property | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | hide | present | all young frogs not said here | companions = companion | holes | at intervals; along the whole of the course and the turning point | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient in hole=Location | ||
| 3 | is | past | one frog | the turning point | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/32/