Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 42
Let us run back, and the first in shall be the winner.”
Who acts: you, us · What happens: let, run back, be · To what, where: us, winner
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 1 Let | obj |
| 3 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Let | xcomp |
| 4 | back | back | ADV | _ | 3 run | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 first | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 first | cc |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 first | det |
| 8 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 1 Let | parataxis |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 winner | case |
| 10 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 winner | aux |
| 11 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 winner | cop |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 winner | det |
| 13 | winner | winner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 first | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Let | punct |
| 15 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 Let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | let | imperative | you not said here | us | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | run back | infinitive | us not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | is | shall | the winner | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/42/