Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxix.--why a Python Never Swallows a Tortoise., sentence 14
When the animals heard this they were frightened, and although they were very hungry, they passed on and left the fruit untouched.
Who acts: animals · What happens: hear, frighten, be, pass on, leave · To what, where: this, animals, fruit
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxix.--why a Python Never Swallows a Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 animals | det |
| 3 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 passed | advcl |
| 5 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 heard | obj |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 frightened | aux:pass |
| 8 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 heard | parataxis |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 hungry | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 hungry | cc |
| 11 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 15 hungry | mark |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 hungry | nsubj |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 hungry | cop |
| 14 | very | very | ADV | _ | 15 hungry | advmod |
| 15 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 frightened | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 passed | nsubj |
| 18 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 passed | compound:prt |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 left | cc |
| 21 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 passed | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 fruit | det |
| 23 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 left | obj |
| 24 | untouched | untouched | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 left | xcomp |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 passed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | the animals | this | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | frighten | past · passive | animals = animal | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | is | past | animals = animal | hungry property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | pass on | past | animals = animal | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | leave | past | animals = animal not said here | the fruit | untouched property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/22/14/