Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxix.--why a Python Never Swallows a Tortoise., sentence 19
When he saw the python the tortoise said, “I want to eat the fruit as I am hungry, but, if you swallow me, my body is small and mostly shell so that your hunger will not be satisfied.
Who acts: python, tortoise, you, body, hunger, your · What happens: see, say, want, eat, be, swallow · To what, where: python, fruit, tortoise · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxix.--why a Python Never Swallows a Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (python, tortoise, you, body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 saw | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 said | advcl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 python | det |
| 5 | python | python | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | obj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 tortoise | det |
| 7 | tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | nsubj |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 want | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 want | punct |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 want | nsubj |
| 12 | want | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 said | ccomp |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 eat | mark |
| 14 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 want | xcomp |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 fruit | det |
| 16 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 eat | obj |
| 17 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 hungry | mark |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 hungry | nsubj |
| 19 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 hungry | cop |
| 20 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 eat | advcl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 swallow | punct |
| 22 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 swallow | cc |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 but | punct |
| 24 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 26 swallow | mark |
| 25 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 26 swallow | nsubj |
| 26 | swallow | swallow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 said | conj |
| 27 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 swallow | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 small | punct |
| 29 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 body | nmod:poss |
| 30 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 small | nsubj |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 small | cop |
| 32 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 swallow | conj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 shell | cc |
| 34 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 35 shell | advmod |
| 35 | shell | shell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 small | conj |
| 36 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 43 satisfied | mark |
| 37 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 36 so | fixed |
| 38 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 hunger | nmod:poss |
| 39 | hunger | hunger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 satisfied | nsubj |
| 40 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 satisfied | aux |
| 41 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 43 satisfied | advmod |
| 42 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 43 satisfied | cop |
| 43 | satisfied | satisfied | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 swallow | advcl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | python | the python | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer python=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the tortoise | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | want in a quote | present | the tortoise = tortoise | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | eat not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | the tortoise = tortoise not said here | the fruit | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | the tortoise = tortoise | hungry property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | swallow a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | you | the tortoise = tortoise | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient | ||||
| 7 | is in a quote | present | my body | shell conj; small property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | not is in a quote | future | your hunger | satisfied property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | hunger in a quote | your | nom hunger «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/22/19/