Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 9
They arranged that one should hide himself in the bush and the other should try to find him, but that if he failed to do so, the one hiding would be considered the winner and the loser would have to pay a large number of rods as a forfeit.
Who acts: birds, one, other, king, loser · What happens: arrange, hide, try, find, fail, not do · To what, where: king, bush, one hiding, large number
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birds, one, other, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 arranged | nsubj |
| 2 | arranged | arrange | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 6 hide | mark |
| 4 | one | one | PRON | Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 hide | nsubj |
| 5 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 hide | aux |
| 6 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 arranged | advcl |
| 7 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 6 hide | obj |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 bush | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 bush | det |
| 10 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 hide | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 try | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 other | det |
| 13 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 try | nsubj |
| 14 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 try | aux |
| 15 | try | try | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 hide | conj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 find | mark |
| 17 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 try | xcomp |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 find | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 failed | punct |
| 20 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 failed | cc |
| 21 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 failed | mark |
| 22 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 24 failed | mark |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 failed | nsubj |
| 24 | failed | fail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 arranged | parataxis |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 do | mark |
| 26 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 failed | xcomp |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 26 do | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 considered | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 hiding | det |
| 30 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hiding | compound |
| 31 | hiding | hiding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 considered | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 considered | aux |
| 33 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 34 considered | aux:pass |
| 34 | considered | consider | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 failed | conj |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 winner | det |
| 36 | winner | winner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 considered | obj |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 have | cc |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 loser | det |
| 39 | loser | loser | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 have | nsubj |
| 40 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 have | aux |
| 41 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 considered | conj |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 pay | mark |
| 43 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 have | xcomp |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 number | det |
| 45 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 number | amod |
| 46 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 pay | obj |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 rods | case |
| 48 | rods | rod | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 number | nmod |
| 49 | as | as | ADP | _ | 51 forfeit | case |
| 50 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 forfeit | det |
| 51 | forfeit | forfeit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 pay | obl |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 arranged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arrange | past | birds = bird | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | hide | should | one | king | the bush | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent himself=Patient in bush=Location | |||
| 3 | try | should | the other | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | find not said to happen | to-infinitive | the other not said here | king | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic | ||||
| 5 | fail a condition, not said to happen | past | king | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | not do | to-infinitive | king not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | consider | would · passive | the one hiding | the winner obj | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme winner=Attribute | ||||
| 8 | have | would | the loser | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | pay | to-infinitive | the loser not said here | a large number of rods | as a forfeit | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/9/