Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 11
Now in Chief Kaku’s country there was a stream full of cat-fish (Akpambi), but no one ever caught them, and when the people went to the stream to get water the fish would look at them without any fear. ’
Who acts: one, people, fish · What happens: be, go, get, look · To what, where: stream, water
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, people, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 8 was | advmod |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 country | case |
| 3 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 country | nmod:poss |
| 4 | Kaku | Kaku | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Chief | flat |
| 5 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 3 Chief | case |
| 6 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 was | obl |
| 7 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 8 was | expl |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 caught | cop |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 stream | det |
| 10 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 was | nsubj |
| 11 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 stream | amod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 fish | case |
| 13 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 fish | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 cat | punct |
| 15 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 full | obl |
| 16 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 Akpambi | punct |
| 17 | Akpambi | Akpambi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 fish | appos |
| 18 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 Akpambi | punct |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 caught | punct |
| 20 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 caught | cc |
| 21 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 22 one | det |
| 22 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 caught | nsubj |
| 23 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 24 caught | advmod |
| 24 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 25 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 caught | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 went | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 went | cc |
| 28 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 31 went | advmod |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 people | det |
| 30 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 went | nsubj |
| 31 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 caught | conj |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 stream | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 stream | det |
| 34 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 went | obl |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 get | mark |
| 36 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 went | advcl |
| 37 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 get | obj |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 fish | det |
| 39 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 look | nsubj |
| 40 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 look | aux |
| 41 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 get | conj |
| 42 | at | at | ADP | _ | 43 them | case |
| 43 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 look | obl |
| 44 | without | without | ADP | _ | 46 fear | case |
| 45 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 46 fear | det |
| 46 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 look | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 caught | punct |
| 48 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 24 caught | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | no one | ever | people obj; catch property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | go | past | the people | the stream | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to stream=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | get | to-infinitive | the people not said here | water | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | look | would | the fish | at people; without any fear | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/11/