Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 18
Then ’Ndere said, “Yes, my parents also will not eat this fish, but there is always one man who starts back first from the farm, and then the other people follow.
Who acts: Ndere, parents, one man, other people · What happens: say, not eat, be, start back, follow · To what, where: fish, farm · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ndere, parents, one man, other people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 said | advmod |
| 2 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 1 Then | punct |
| 3 | Ndere | Ndere | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 eat | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 eat | punct |
| 7 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 14 eat | discourse |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Yes | punct |
| 9 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 parents | nmod:poss |
| 10 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 eat | nsubj |
| 11 | also | also | ADV | _ | 14 eat | advmod |
| 12 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 eat | aux |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 eat | advmod |
| 14 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 said | ccomp |
| 15 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 16 fish | det |
| 16 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 eat | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 is | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 is | cc |
| 19 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 20 is | expl |
| 20 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 follow | parataxis |
| 21 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 20 is | advmod |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 man | nummod |
| 23 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 is | nsubj |
| 24 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 starts | nsubj |
| 25 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 man | acl:relcl |
| 26 | back | back | ADV | _ | 25 starts | advmod |
| 27 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 25 starts | advmod |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 farm | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 farm | det |
| 30 | farm | farm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 starts | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 follow | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 follow | cc |
| 33 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 37 follow | advmod |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 people | det |
| 35 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 people | amod |
| 36 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 follow | nsubj |
| 37 | follow | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | ccomp |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Ndere | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | not eat in a quote | future | my parents | this fish | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient | ||||
| 3 | be in a quote | present | one man | there | always property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 4 | start back in a quote | present | one man | the farm | first property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||
| 5 | follow in a quote | present | the other people | then | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/18/