Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 23
When the chief had finished his share he prepared himself for death, and having called his people together, told them what should be done in case he should die. ’
Who acts: Chief · What happens: finish, prepare, call, tell, do, die · To what, where: chief, people, case · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 finished | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 chief | det |
| 3 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 finished | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 finished | aux |
| 5 | finished | finish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 prepared | advcl |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 share | nmod:poss |
| 7 | share | share | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 finished | obj |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 prepared | nsubj |
| 9 | prepared | prepare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 9 prepared | obj |
| 11 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 death | case |
| 12 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 prepared | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 called | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 called | cc |
| 15 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 called | aux |
| 16 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 prepared | conj |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 people | nmod:poss |
| 18 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 called | obj |
| 19 | together | together | ADV | _ | 16 called | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 told | punct |
| 21 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 prepared | conj |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 told | iobj |
| 23 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 26 done | obj |
| 24 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 done | aux |
| 25 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 26 done | aux:pass |
| 26 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 told | ccomp |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 case | case |
| 28 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 done | obl |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 die | nsubj |
| 30 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 die | aux |
| 31 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 done | ccomp |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 prepared | punct |
| 33 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 9 prepared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | finish | past · perfect · passive | the chief | Chief's share obj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | prepare | past | Chief | Chief | for death | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent himself=Product for death=Beneficiary | |||
| 3 | call | gerund · perfect | Chief not said here | Chief's people | together property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient | |||
| 4 | tell speech: assert | past | Chief not said here | people | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | do | should · passive | case | what obj | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | die | should | Chief | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 7 | share | Chief | nom share «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/23/